Clade Ib Mpox Virus: How Can We Respond?

In recent years, mpox virus Clade Ib has emerged as a significant global public health threat due to its rapid transmission and potential for severe disease outcomes. This strain was first identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in September 2023 and began spreading to neighboring African countries by July 2024. It was subsequently imported through international travel to 12 non-African countries across Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Clade Ib exhibits increased transmissibility, and current data suggest that infections may lead to more severe symptoms, with higher risks of severe illness and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant individuals, and immunocompromised groups (e.g., people living with HIV/AIDS). Epidemiologically, Clade Ib primarily spreads through sexual contact, close household contact, and healthcare-related exposure. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of mpox virus Clade Ib, including its genetic characteristics, epidemiological patterns, and prevention and control strategies. Additionally, it discusses the strategies and interventions needed to address this emerging threat.