Yu Huibin, Resch Wolfgang, Moss Bernard
Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Center for Information Technology, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2025 Jun;46(6):455-470. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2025.04.002. Epub 2025 May 7.
The upsurge of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) in Africa and its global spread highlight the need for improved vaccines. The development of new recombinant vaccines, including mRNA and protein nanoparticles, depends on understanding the biology of poxviruses and selecting the most protective immunogens. Animal studies demonstrate that vaccines need to target the antigens of both infectious forms - the mature virion and the enveloped virion - which display surface proteins responsible for cell entry and cell-to-cell spread, respectively. Although some of these proteins have been shown to induce protective antibodies, others including most of those that are essential for membrane fusion remain to be tested. We review the structures of orthopoxvirus surface proteins as a guide to the selection of optimal antigens for recombinant vaccines.
猴痘（原称猴天花）在非洲的激增及其在全球的传播凸显了改进疫苗的必要性。包括信使核糖核酸（mRNA）和蛋白质纳米颗粒在内的新型重组疫苗的研发，依赖于对痘病毒生物学特性的了解以及选择最具保护性的免疫原。动物研究表明，疫苗需要针对两种感染形式的抗原——成熟病毒体和包膜病毒体，它们分别展示负责细胞进入和细胞间传播的表面蛋白。尽管其中一些蛋白已被证明能诱导保护性抗体，但其他蛋白，包括大多数对膜融合至关重要的蛋白，仍有待测试。我们综述正痘病毒表面蛋白的结构，以为重组疫苗选择最佳抗原提供指导。
