Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA; Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2023 Dec;81:101870. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101870. Epub 2023 May 6.
Reward Devaluation Theory suggests that devaluation of positivity may be integral in understanding depression (Winer & Salem, 2016). Specifically, the anticipatory (e.g., fear of happiness) and responsive (e.g., dampening) behaviors related to the processing of positivity may play a role in the development and maintenance of depression.
The goal of this study was to examine the potential overlap between measures that operationalize positivity avoidance, two Fear of Happiness Scales (Gilbert et al., 2012; Joshanloo, 2013), as well as positivity dampening, measured via the dampening subscale of the Responses to Positive Affect Questionnaire (Feldman et al., 2008). Network and community analyses were employed to examine the extent to which the items of these measures clustered into their parent measures and investigate the dynamic interactions between items.
The results of the community analysis revealed that the three self-report measures overall clustered into their parent measures, except for the Gilbert et al. (2012) Fear of Happiness Scale, which clustered into two separate communities. The most influential nodes represented the concept that good feelings are often followed by negative outcomes. Additionally, nodes related to the theme of fear of letting oneself become happy emerged as the strongest bridge nodes.
One limitation of this study is the use of a cross-sectional design; thus, causality cannot be inferred, but the results can guide future longitudinal network designs.
These findings demonstrate how anticipatory avoidance and responsive dampening may influence depression, thus providing evidence for unique targets for treatment.
奖励贬值理论表明，积极情绪的贬值可能是理解抑郁症的关键（Winer 和 Salem，2016）。具体来说，与积极情绪处理相关的预期（例如，对幸福的恐惧）和反应（例如，抑制）行为可能在抑郁症的发展和维持中发挥作用。
本研究的目的是检验阳性回避、两种幸福感恐惧量表（Gilbert 等人，2012 年；Joshanloo，2013 年）以及通过积极情绪反应问卷的抑制子量表测量的阳性抑制之间潜在的重叠（Feldman 等人，2008 年）。网络和社区分析用于检查这些措施的项目在多大程度上聚类到其母措施中，并调查项目之间的动态相互作用。
社区分析的结果表明，除了 Gilbert 等人（2012 年）的幸福感恐惧量表外，这三个自我报告的量表总体上聚类到其母量表中，该量表聚类成两个独立的社区。最有影响力的节点代表了这样一种概念，即好的感觉往往会随之而来负面结果。此外，与害怕让自己变得快乐的主题相关的节点作为最强的桥节点出现。
本研究的一个局限性是使用横截面设计；因此，不能推断因果关系，但结果可以指导未来的纵向网络设计。
这些发现表明预期回避和反应抑制如何影响抑郁症，从而为治疗的独特目标提供了证据。
