Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 1;889:164225. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164225. Epub 2023 May 16.
Bioaccessible fractions of particle-bound hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) are critical to evaluating human inhalation exposure risk. However, the key factors for controlling the release of HOCs into the lung fluid are not adequately examined. To address this issue, eight particle size fractions (0.056-18 μm) from different particle emission sources (barbecue and smoking) were collected and incubated with an in vitro method for determining inhalation bioaccessibilities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The bioaccessible fractions of particle-bound PAHs were 35-65% for smoke-type charcoal, 24-62% for smokeless-type charcoal, and 44-96% for cigarette. The size distributions of bioaccessible fractions of 3-4 ring PAHs were symmetric with the patterns of their masses, characterized as a unimodal distribution with both the trough and peak at 0.56-1.0 μm. Analysis from machine learning showed that chemical hydrophobicity appeared to be the most significant factor affecting inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs, followed by organic carbon and elemental carbon contents. Particle size seemed to have little effect on the bioaccessibility of PAHs. A compositional analysis of human inhalation exposure risk from total concentration, deposition concentration, and bioaccessible deposition concentration in alveolar region showed a shift in the key particle size from 0.56-1.0 μm to 1.0-1.8 μm and an increasing in the contributions of 2-3 ring PAHs to risk for cigarette due to the high bioaccessible fractions. These results suggested the significance of particle deposition efficiency and bioaccessible fractions of HOCs in risk assessment.
颗粒结合态疏水性有机化合物（HOCs）的生物可给分率对于评估人体吸入暴露风险至关重要。然而，控制 HOCs 向肺液中释放的关键因素尚未得到充分研究。为了解决这个问题，我们从不同的颗粒物排放源（烧烤和吸烟）收集了 8 个颗粒物粒径（0.056-18μm），并用体外方法测定多环芳烃（PAHs）的吸入生物可给分率。结果表明，烟雾型木炭的颗粒结合态 PAHs 的生物可给分率为 35-65%，无烟雾型木炭为 24-62%，香烟为 44-96%。3-4 环 PAHs 的生物可给分率的粒径分布与质量分布模式对称，呈单峰分布，低谷和高峰均在 0.56-1.0μm。机器学习分析表明，化学疏水性似乎是影响 PAHs 吸入生物可给分率的最重要因素，其次是有机碳和元素碳含量。颗粒物粒径似乎对 PAHs 的生物可给分率影响不大。基于肺泡区总浓度、沉积浓度和生物可给分沉积浓度的人体吸入暴露风险的组成分析表明，关键颗粒物粒径从 0.56-1.0μm 转移到 1.0-1.8μm，由于高生物可给分率，香烟中 2-3 环 PAHs 对风险的贡献增加。这些结果表明，颗粒物沉积效率和 HOCs 的生物可给分率在风险评估中具有重要意义。
