Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Environmental Pollution Control Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Environ Pollut. 2022 May 15;301:119045. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119045. Epub 2022 Feb 22.
Size segregated samples (<0.49, 0.49-0.95, 0.95-1.5, 1.5-3.0, 3.0-7.2 and > 7.2 μm) of atmospheric particulate matter (APM) were collected at a traffic site in the urban agglomeration of Thessaloniki, northern Greece, during the cold and the warm period of 2020. The solvent-extractable organic matter was analyzed for selected organic contaminants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and their nitro- and oxy-derivarives (NPAHs and OPAHs, respectively). Mean concentrations of ∑PAHs, ∑NPAHs and ∑OPAHs associated to total suspended particles (TSP) were 18 ng m, 0.2 ng m and 0.9 ng m, respectively, in the cold period exhibiting significant decrease (6.4, 0.2 and 0.09 ng m, respectively) in the warm period. The major amount of all compounds was found to be associated with the alveolar particle size fraction <0.49 μm. The inhalation bioaccessibility of PAHs and O/N PAHs was measured in vitro using two simulated lung fluids (SLFs), the Gamble's solution (GS) and the artificial lysosomal fluid (ALF). With both SLFs, the derived bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) followed the order PAHs > OPAHs > NPAHs. Although no clear dependence of bioaccessibility on particle size was obtained, increased bioaccessibility of PAHs and PAH derivatives in coarse particles (>7.2 μm) was evident. Bioaccessibility was found to be strongly related to the logK and the water solubility of individual compounds hindering limited mobilization of the most hydrophobic and less water-soluble compounds from APM to SLFs. The lifetime cancer risk due to inhalation exposure to bioaccessible PAHs, NPAHs and OPAHs was estimated and compared to those calculated from the particulate concentrations of organic contaminants.
在希腊北部塞萨洛尼基城市群的一个交通站点，采集了大气颗粒物（APM）的大小分离样品（<0.49、0.49-0.95、0.95-1.5、1.5-3.0、3.0-7.2 和>7.2μm）。在所采集的样品中，分析了溶剂可萃取的有机物质，以了解包括多环芳烃（PAHs）在内的选定有机污染物，以及它们的硝基和氧基衍生物（分别为 NPAHs 和 OPAHs）。在寒冷时期，与总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）相关的∑PAHs、∑NPAHs 和∑OPAHs 的平均浓度分别为 18ng/m、0.2ng/m 和 0.9ng/m，在温暖时期，这些浓度分别显著下降（分别为 0.2、0.09ng/m）。所有化合物的主要含量都与肺泡粒径<0.49μm 的颗粒相关。使用两种模拟肺液（SLF），即 Gamble 溶液（GS）和人工溶酶体液（ALF），对 PAHs 和 O/N PAHs 的吸入生物可给性进行了体外测量。对于两种 SLF，衍生的生物可给性分数（BAFs）的顺序为 PAHs>OPAHs>NPAHs。尽管没有得到生物可给性与粒径之间的明确依赖关系，但在粗颗粒（>7.2μm）中，PAHs 和 PAH 衍生物的生物可给性增加是明显的。生物可给性与个体化合物的 logK 和水溶性密切相关，这限制了最疏水性和水溶性较差的化合物从 APM 向 SLF 中移动。通过吸入生物可给性 PAHs、NPAHs 和 OPAHs 暴露，估计了终生癌症风险，并与从有机污染物的颗粒浓度计算出的风险进行了比较。
