University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
University of A Coruña. Grupo Química Analítica Aplicada (QANAP), University Institute of Research in Environmental Studies (IUMA), Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Campus de A Coruña, S/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2021 Jan;263:127847. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127847. Epub 2020 Aug 13.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) inhalation bioaccessibility was assessed in 65 atmospheric particulate matter samples (PM) collected at an Atlantic coastal European urban site. The proposed method consists on a physiologically based extraction (PBET) by using Gamble's solution followed by a vortex assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (VALLME) and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The use of a micro-extraction technique combined with FLD detection, provides a simple, fast, sensitive, accurate and low-cost methodology to PAHs quantification in bioaccessible fractions. Accuracy of the bioaccessibility study was assessed by means of a mass balance approaches using a PM filter and a certified reference material (ERM-CZ100). High-moderate inhalation bioaccessibilities were found for phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Ft) and pyrene (Pyr) (average ratios in the 52-65% range); while dibenz (a,h)anthracene (DBahA), indeno (1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IP) and benzo (g,h,i)perylene (BghiP) were observed to be less bioaccessibles (average ratios in the 11-14% range). Relationship between PM composition (major ions, trace metals, equivalent black carbon (eBC) and UV-absorbing particulate matter (UVPM)) and PAHs bioaccessibility ratios was also assessed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that PAHs bioaccessibility percentage is dependent on anthropogenic (eBC, UVPM and Sb concentrations) and marine sources of PM. Predicted PAHs bioaccessibilities after applying a multiple linear regression model based on marine and anthropogenic source of PM could also be established. Health risk assessment of target PM-associated PAHs via inhalation was assessed considering bioaccessibility concentrations by using hazard index (HI) and BaP equivalent concentration (BaP) approaches, suggesting no carcinogenic risk in the area during the sampling campaign.
多环芳烃（PAHs）吸入生物可给性在一个大西洋沿海欧洲城市站点采集的 65 个大气颗粒物（PM）样本中进行了评估。所提出的方法包括使用 Gamble 溶液进行生理基础提取（PBET），然后进行涡旋辅助液-液微萃取（VALLME），并通过高效液相色谱荧光检测（HPLC-FLD）进行定量。该方法结合了微萃取技术和 FLD 检测，为生物可给性部分的 PAHs 定量提供了一种简单、快速、灵敏、准确且低成本的方法。通过使用 PM 过滤器和认证参考物质（ERM-CZ100）进行质量平衡方法评估了生物可给性研究的准确性。发现菲（Phe）、荧蒽（Ft）和芘（Pyr）具有高-中等吸入生物可给性（平均比例在 52-65%范围内）；而二苯并（a，h）蒽（DBahA）、茚并（1,2,3-cd）芘（IP）和苯并（g，h，i）芘（BghiP）则表现出较低的生物可给性（平均比例在 11-14%范围内）。还评估了 PM 成分（主要离子、痕量金属、等效黑碳（eBC）和紫外线吸收颗粒物（UVPM））与 PAHs 生物可给性比值之间的关系。主成分分析（PCA）表明，PAHs 生物可给性百分比取决于人为源（eBC、UVPM 和 Sb 浓度）和海洋源 PM。基于 PM 海洋和人为源的多元线性回归模型应用后，还可以建立预测的 PAHs 生物可给性。通过使用危害指数（HI）和 BaP 等效浓度（BaP）方法考虑生物可给性浓度，评估了目标 PM 相关 PAHs 的吸入健康风险，表明在采样期间该地区不存在致癌风险。
