[中国45岁及以上人群认知功能障碍的空间分布及其危险因素]
[Spatial distribution of cognitive dysfunction and its risk factors in Chinese population aged 45 years and above].
作者信息
He S, Zhang J, Yang R, Yuan P
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
出版信息
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2023 Apr 20;43(4):611-619. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2023.04.15.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the spatial distribution of the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction and its risk factors in Chinese population aged 45 years and above to provide evidence for formulating regional prevention and control strategies.
METHODS
The study subjects with complete cognitive function data were selected from the follow-up data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) Phase IV. ArcGis 10.4 software was used for spatial analysis of the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in the population aged 45 years and above for each province based on the geographic information system (GIS) technology.
RESULTS
In 2018, the overall prevalence of cognitive dysfunction was 33.59% (5951/17716) in individuals aged 45 and above in China. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated a spatial clustering and a positive autocorrelation ( < 0.001) of the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction in the study subjects, with a Moran's I value of 0.333085. The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the southwestern region of China was the main aggregation area of patients with cognitive dysfunction. Geographically weighted regression analysis suggested that a male gender, an advanced age, and illiteracy were the major risk factors for cognitive dysfunction ( < 0.05). These 3 risk factors showed a spatial distribution heterogeneity with greater impact in the northern, western, and northwestern regions of China, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of cognitive dysfunction is relatively high in individuals aged 45 years and above in China. A male gender, an advanced age, and illiteracy are the major risk factors for cognitive dysfunction and show different spatial distribution patterns, with the northern, western and northwestern regions of China as the key areas for prevention and control, where the prevention and control measures should be designed based on local conditions.
目的
分析中国45岁及以上人群认知功能障碍患病率的空间分布及其危险因素，为制定区域防控策略提供依据。
方法
从中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）第四阶段的随访数据中选取认知功能数据完整的研究对象。基于地理信息系统（GIS）技术，运用ArcGis 10.4软件对各省份45岁及以上人群认知功能障碍患病率进行空间分析。
结果
2018年，中国45岁及以上人群认知功能障碍总体患病率为33.59%（5951/17716）。全局空间自相关分析表明，研究对象中认知功能障碍患病率存在空间聚集和正自相关（<0.001），Moran's I值为0.333085。局部空间自相关分析结果显示，中国西南部地区是认知功能障碍患者的主要聚集区。地理加权回归分析表明，男性、高龄和文盲是认知功能障碍的主要危险因素（<0.05）。这3个危险因素呈现空间分布异质性，分别在中国北部、西部和西北部地区影响更大。
结论
中国45岁及以上人群认知功能障碍患病率较高。男性、高龄和文盲是认知功能障碍的主要危险因素，且呈现不同的空间分布模式，中国北部、西部和西北部地区为防控重点区域，应因地制宜制定防控措施。
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