Tong Qing, Dong Wen-Jing, Xu Ming-da, Hu Zong-Fu, Guo Peng, Han Xiao-Yun, Cui Li-Yong
School of Biology and Agriculture, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
Front Microbiol. 2023 May 3;14:1057398. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1057398. eCollection 2023.
Season has been suggested to contribute to variation in the gut microbiota of animals. The complicated relationships between amphibians and their gut microbiota and how they change throughout the year require more research. Short-term and long-term hypothermic fasting of amphibians may affect gut microbiota differently; however, these changes have not been explored. In this study, the composition and characteristics of the gut microbiota of and during summer, autumn (short-term fasting) and winter (long-term fasting) were studied by high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Both frog species had higher gut microbiota alpha diversity in summer than autumn and winter, but no significant variations between autumn and spring. The summer, autumn, and spring gut microbiotas of both species differed, as did the autumn and winter microbiomes. In summer, autumn and winter, the dominant phyla in the gut microbiota of both species were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria. All animals have 10 OTUs (>90% of all 52 frogs). Both species had 23 OTUs (>90% of all 28 frogs) in winter, accounting for 47.49 ± 3.84% and 63.17 ± 3.69% of their relative abundance, respectively. PICRUSt2 analysis showed that the predominant functions of the gut microbiota in these two were focused on carbohydrate metabolism, Global and overview maps, Glycan biosynthesis metabolism, membrane transport, and replication and repair, translation. The BugBase analysis estimated that among the seasons in the group, Facultatively_Anaerobic, Forms_Biofilms, Gram_Negative, Gram_Positive, Potentially_Pathogenic were significantly different. However, there was no difference for . The research will reveal how the gut microbiota of amphibians adapts to environmental changes during hibernation, aid in the conservation of endangered amphibians, particularly those that hibernate, and advance microbiota research by elucidating the role of microbiota under various physiological states and environmental conditions.
季节被认为会影响动物肠道微生物群的变化。两栖动物与其肠道微生物群之间复杂的关系以及它们全年的变化情况需要更多的研究。两栖动物的短期和长期低温禁食可能对肠道微生物群产生不同的影响；然而，这些变化尚未得到探索。在本研究中，通过高通量Illumina测序研究了两种蛙在夏季、秋季（短期禁食）和冬季（长期禁食）的肠道微生物群的组成和特征。两种蛙的肠道微生物群α多样性在夏季均高于秋季和冬季，但秋季和春季之间无显著差异。两种蛙的夏季、秋季和春季肠道微生物群不同，秋季和冬季的微生物群也不同。在夏季、秋季和冬季，两种蛙肠道微生物群中的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门。所有动物都有10个OTU（占所有52只蛙的90%以上）。两种蛙在冬季均有23个OTU（占所有28只蛙的90%以上），分别占其相对丰度的47.49±3.84%和63.17±3.69%。PICRUSt2分析表明，这两种蛙肠道微生物群的主要功能集中在碳水化合物代谢、全局和概述图谱、聚糖生物合成代谢、膜转运以及复制与修复、翻译。BugBase分析估计，在该蛙类组的季节中，并兼性厌氧、形成生物膜、革兰氏阴性、革兰氏阳性、潜在致病的类别存在显著差异。然而，另一种蛙类没有差异。该研究将揭示两栖动物的肠道微生物群在冬眠期间如何适应环境变化，有助于保护濒危两栖动物，特别是那些冬眠的两栖动物，并通过阐明微生物群在各种生理状态和环境条件下的作用来推进微生物群研究。
