Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Unidad Integrada INTA, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Balcarce, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2023 May 3;13:1165312. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1165312. eCollection 2023.
Calves are highly susceptible to gastrointestinal infection with (), which can result in watery diarrhea and eventually death or impaired development. With little to no effective therapeutics, understanding the host's microbiota and pathogen interaction at the mucosal immune system has been critical to identify and test novel control strategies.
Herein, we used an experimental model of C. parvum challenge in neonatal calves to describe the clinical signs and histological and proteomic profiling of the mucosal innate immunity and microbiota shifts by metagenomics in the ileum and colon during cryptosporidiosis. Also, we investigated the impact of supplemental colostrum feeding on infection.
We showed that challenged calves experienced clinical signs including pyrexia and diarrhea 5 days post challenge. These calves showed ulcerative neutrophil ileitis with a proteomic signature driven by inflammatory effectors, including reactive oxygen species and myeloperoxidases. Colitis was also noticed with an aggravated mucin barrier depletion and incompletely filled goblet cells. The challenged calves also displayed a pronounced dysbiosis with a high prevalence of species (spp.) and number of exotoxins, adherence factors, and secretion systems related to spp. and other enteropathogens, including spp., sp., spp., and spp. Daily supplementation with a high-quality bovine colostrum product mitigated some of the clinical signs and modulated the gut immune response and concomitant microbiota to a pattern more similar to that of healthy unchallenged calves.
infection in neonatal calves provoked severe diarrheic neutrophilic enterocolitis, perhaps augmented due to the lack of fully developed innate gut defenses. Colostrum supplementation showed limited effect mitigating diarrhea but demonstrated some clinical alleviation and specific modulatory influence on host gut immune responses and concomitant microbiota.
犊牛极易感染（）引起的胃肠道感染，可导致水样腹泻，最终导致死亡或发育受损。由于几乎没有有效的治疗方法，因此了解宿主的微生物群和病原体在黏膜免疫系统中的相互作用对于确定和测试新的控制策略至关重要。
本文使用新生犊牛感染（）的实验模型，描述了隐孢子虫病期间回肠和结肠黏膜固有免疫和微生物组变化的临床症状以及组织学和蛋白质组学特征。此外，我们还研究了补充初乳喂养对（）感染的影响。
我们表明，感染（）的犊牛在挑战后 5 天出现发热和腹泻等临床症状。这些犊牛表现出溃疡性中性粒细胞性回肠炎，其蛋白质组学特征由炎症效应物驱动，包括活性氧和髓过氧化物酶。结肠炎也很明显，粘液屏障耗竭加剧，杯状细胞不完全填充。感染（）的犊牛还表现出明显的失调，（）种和多种外毒素、粘附因子和分泌系统的丰度较高，这些与（）种和其他肠道病原体相关，包括（）种、（）种、（）种和（）种。每天补充高质量的牛初乳产品可减轻一些临床症状，并调节肠道免疫反应和伴随的微生物群，使其更类似于未受挑战的健康犊牛。
新生犊牛感染（）引起严重的腹泻性中性粒细胞性肠炎，可能是由于固有肠道防御尚未完全发育所致。初乳补充显示出对腹泻的缓解作用有限，但对临床症状有一定的缓解作用，并对宿主肠道免疫反应和伴随的微生物群产生特定的调节作用。
