Jessop Emma, Li Lynna, Renaud David L, Verbrugghe Adronie, Macnicol Jennifer, Gamsjäger Lisa, Gomez Diego E
Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Vet Sci. 2024 Feb 29;11(3):108. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11030108.
Neonatal calf diarrhea is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. The changes associated with the gastrointestinal microbiota in neonatal calves experiencing diarrhea and its etiology are not fully understood or completely defined in the literature. Several studies have demonstrated that the fecal microbiota of calves that experience diarrhea substantially deviates from that of healthy age-matched calves. However, one key question remains: whether the changes observed in the bacterial communities (also known as dysbiosis) are a predisposing factor for, or the consequence of, gastrointestinal inflammation caused by the pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. The first objective of this literature review is to present the current information regarding the changes in the fecal microbiota of diarrheic calves and the impact of the pathogens associated with diarrhea on fecal microbiota. Modulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota using pre- and probiotics, colostrum feeding, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been used to treat and prevent gastrointestinal diseases in humans and dogs. Although information regarding the use of probiotics for the prevention of diarrhea is available in cattle, little information is available regarding the use of these strategies for treating calf diarrhea and the use of prebiotics or FMT to prevent diarrhea. The second objective of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, colostrum feeding, and FMT for the treatment and prevention of calf diarrhea.
新生犊牛腹泻是全球新生犊牛发病和死亡的主要原因。腹泻新生犊牛胃肠道微生物群的变化及其病因在文献中尚未得到充分理解或完全明确。多项研究表明，腹泻犊牛的粪便微生物群与健康的同龄犊牛有很大差异。然而，一个关键问题仍然存在：在细菌群落中观察到的变化（也称为生态失调）是由与犊牛腹泻相关的病原体引起的胃肠道炎症的诱发因素还是后果。这篇文献综述的第一个目的是介绍有关腹泻犊牛粪便微生物群变化以及与腹泻相关的病原体对粪便微生物群影响的当前信息。使用益生元和益生菌、初乳喂养以及粪便微生物群移植（FMT）来调节胃肠道微生物群已被用于治疗和预防人类和犬类的胃肠道疾病。虽然有关于在牛中使用益生菌预防腹泻的信息，但关于使用这些策略治疗犊牛腹泻以及使用益生元或FMT预防腹泻的信息却很少。这篇文献综述的第二个目的是总结有关益生元、益生菌、合生元、初乳喂养以及FMT对治疗和预防犊牛腹泻影响的当前知识。
