Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.
J Adolesc. 2023 Aug;95(6):1220-1231. doi: 10.1002/jad.12196. Epub 2023 May 21.
Prior research findings are mixed regarding whether prosocial behavior is positively or negatively related to socioeconomic status and its correlates, such as economic pressure. This may be due to the lack of considerations for the type of prosocial behavior.
In this study, we aimed to examine how six types of prosocial behavior (i.e., public, anonymous, compliant, emotional, dire, and altruistic) are related to economic pressure among early adolescents. We hypothesized that family economic pressure would be associated with each type of prosocial behavior in differing ways.
MATERIALS & METHODS: Participants were 11-14 years old (N = 143, M = 12.2 years, SD = 0.87, 63 boys, 1 trans-identified boy, 55 girls), early adolescents and their parents. Among them, 54.6% were non-Hispanic/Latinx (NH/L) White, 23.8% were NH/L Black, 11.2% were NH/L Asian, 2.1% were NH/L Multiracial, and 8.4% were Hispanic/Latinx. Parents reported family economic pressure and adolescents' six types of prosocial behavior.
Path analysis revealed that economic pressure was negatively associated with emotional and dire prosocial behavior over and above age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Family economic pressure was unrelated to public, anonymous, compliant, and altruistic prosocial behavior.
These findings show some support for the Family Stress Model, such that economic stress might hinder youth's prosocial development. At the same time, youth may have similar levels of certain types of prosocial behavior regardless of their family's economic pressure.
This research provided insight into the complex relation between economic pressure and youth's prosocial behavior which varies depending on the type of behavior.
先前的研究结果在亲社会行为与社会经济地位及其相关因素（如经济压力）之间的关系是正相关还是负相关方面存在分歧。这可能是由于缺乏对亲社会行为类型的考虑。
本研究旨在探讨六种类型的亲社会行为（即公开、匿名、顺从、情感、紧急和利他）与青少年早期的经济压力之间的关系。我们假设家庭经济压力与每种类型的亲社会行为之间的关系是不同的。
参与者为 11-14 岁的青少年及其父母（N=143，M=12.2 岁，SD=0.87，63 名男孩，1 名跨性别男孩，55 名女孩）。其中，54.6%是非西班牙裔/拉丁裔白人，23.8%是非西班牙裔/拉丁裔黑人，11.2%是非西班牙裔/拉丁裔亚洲人，2.1%是非西班牙裔/拉丁裔多种族裔，8.4%是西班牙裔/拉丁裔。父母报告了家庭经济压力和青少年的六种亲社会行为。
路径分析显示，经济压力与情绪和紧急亲社会行为呈负相关，超过了年龄、性别和种族/民族。家庭经济压力与公开、匿名、顺从和利他亲社会行为无关。
这些发现为家庭压力模型提供了一些支持，即经济压力可能会阻碍青少年的亲社会发展。同时，无论家庭经济压力如何，青少年可能具有相似水平的某些类型的亲社会行为。
本研究深入了解了经济压力与青少年亲社会行为之间复杂的关系，这种关系因行为类型而异。
