Owopetu Oluwatomi F, Oladeinde Olubunmi, Esan Joshua O, Iacobelli Michael, Agaku Israel, Adebiyi Akindele O
Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Tob Prev Cessat. 2023 May 18;9:16. doi: 10.18332/tpc/162385. eCollection 2023.
Tobacco remains the world's leading preventable cause of death, with the majority of tobacco-caused deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries. The first global health treaty, the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), outlines a set of policy initiatives that have been demonstrated as effective in reducing tobacco use. Article 11 of the FCTC focuses on using the tobacco package to communicate tobacco-caused harms; it also seeks to restrict the delivery of misleading information on the pack about the product.The objective of his study is to establish a surveillance system for tobacco packs in Nigeria to assess pack compliance with in-country health warning label requirements. The Tobacco Pack Surveillance System (TPackSS) monitors whether required health warnings on tobacco packages are being implemented as intended and identifies pack designs that might violate the communication of harm-related information and undermine the impact of the country's tobacco packaging laws.
Tobacco cigarette packs were collected in three cities in 2019-2020. The intention was, to the extent possible, to construct a census of 'unique' pack presentations available for purchase in Nigeria. We implemented the TPackSS standardized Protocol for acquiring packs from 36 diverse neighborhoods across three cities. At the time of purchase, data on the price and place of acquisition of each pack were recorded. We photographed packs, coded, and archived them. Each pack was coded for compliance according to the current health warning label laws. Each pack was coded by two independent coders consistently. We routinely measured intercoder reliability and only retained variables for which a good level of reliability was achieved.
Across the three cities in Nigeria, the team collected 90 tobacco packs. Overall, 77% of packs evaluated for HWL compliance complied with all the relevant common indicators of HWL compliance. There was a 92% compliance with the location of the HWL (e.g. top or bottom of pack, front or back panel) with in-country requirements. Of the four compliance indicators, the size of the HWL (the minimum required coverage) showed the lowest compliance (31%) (i.e. the HWL was too small on most of the packs). Label elements (such as color contrast or content of warnings) showed 85% compliance overall.
The analysis of the packs showed various levels of compliance with Health Warning Label provisions for Nigeria. Periodic evaluations are required to ensure that minimum requirements are met.
烟草仍然是全球首要的可预防死因，大多数由烟草导致的死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家。首个全球卫生条约《烟草控制框架公约》（FCTC）概述了一系列已被证明能有效减少烟草使用的政策举措。《烟草控制框架公约》第11条着重于利用烟包传达烟草造成的危害；它还力求限制烟包上有关产品的误导性信息传播。本研究的目的是在尼日利亚建立一个烟包监测系统，以评估烟包是否符合国内健康警示标签要求。烟草包装监测系统（TPackSS）监测烟草包装上所需的健康警示是否按预期实施，并识别可能违反与危害相关信息传达规定以及破坏该国烟草包装法律影响的烟包设计。
2019年至2020年期间在三个城市收集香烟烟包。目的是尽可能构建一份在尼日利亚可购买到的“独特”烟包展示的普查清单。我们实施了TPackSS标准化方案，从三个城市的36个不同街区获取烟包。购买时，记录每个烟包的价格和购买地点数据。我们对烟包进行拍照、编码并存档。根据当前健康警示标签法律，对每个烟包的合规情况进行编码。每个烟包由两名独立编码员进行一致编码。我们定期测量编码员间的可靠性，仅保留达到良好可靠性水平的变量。
在尼日利亚的三个城市，该团队共收集了90个烟草烟包。总体而言，评估健康警示标签合规情况的烟包中，77%符合所有健康警示标签合规的相关通用指标。健康警示标签的位置（如在烟包顶部或底部、正面或背面）有92%符合国内要求。在四个合规指标中，健康警示标签的尺寸（最低要求覆盖范围）合规率最低（31%）（即大多数烟包上的健康警示标签过小）。标签要素（如颜色对比度或警示内容）总体合规率为85%。
对烟包的分析表明，尼日利亚的烟包在符合健康警示标签规定方面存在不同程度的情况。需要定期进行评估以确保满足最低要求。
