Bezuglov Eduard, Morgans Ryland, Khalikov Ruslan, Bertholz Vladislav, Emanov Anton, Talibov Oleg, Astakhov Evgeniy, Lazarev Artemii, Shoshorina Maria
Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
High Performance Sport Laboratory, Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia.
Heliyon. 2023 Apr 27;9(5):e15837. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15837. eCollection 2023 May.
Xenon and argon inhalation were included on the WADA Prohibited List in 2014 due to the reported positive effects on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis that occur as a result of their application. Thus, the systematic review of studies supporting these notions is of interest.
A thorough search on the effects of xenon and argon inhalation on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis, as well as their negative effects on human health and method detection was conducted. Pubmed and Google Scholar databases and the Cochrane Library were researched, as well as the WADA research section. The search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. All articles written in English and published between 2000 and 2021 were analyzed, as well as reference studies meeting the search criteria.
At present, there are only two publications in healthy human subjects evaluating the effects of xenon inhalation on erythropoiesis that found no conclusive evidence of a positive effect on erythropoiesis. This research was published following the inclusion of this gas on the WADA Prohibited List in 2014 and had a high risk of bias. There were no studies available on the effect of argon inhalation on erythropoiesis. Furthermore, no studies were found on the effect of xenon or argon inhalation on steroidogenesis in healthy subjects and no studies relating to the effects of xenon or argon inhalation on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis were found on the WADA website.
There is still inconclusive evidence to support the administration of xenon and argon inhalations on erythropoiesis and steroidogenesis and their positive effects on health. Further research is warranted to establish the effects of these gases. Additionally, improved communication between anti-doping authorities and all key stakeholders is required to support the inclusion of various substances on recognized prohibited lists.
由于据报道氙气和氩气吸入对红细胞生成和类固醇生成有积极作用，它们于2014年被列入世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）的禁用清单。因此，对支持这些观点的研究进行系统综述很有意义。
对氙气和氩气吸入对红细胞生成和类固醇生成的影响，以及它们对人类健康的负面影响和检测方法进行了全面搜索。研究了PubMed和谷歌学术数据库以及Cochrane图书馆，以及WADA的研究部门。搜索按照PRISMA指南进行。分析了2000年至2021年间发表的所有英文文章，以及符合搜索标准的参考文献研究。
目前，仅有两篇针对健康人类受试者评估氙气吸入对红细胞生成影响的出版物，未发现对红细胞生成有积极作用的确凿证据。这项研究是在该气体于2014年被列入WADA禁用清单之后发表的，且存在较高的偏倚风险。没有关于氩气吸入对红细胞生成影响的研究。此外，未找到关于健康受试者中氙气或氩气吸入对类固醇生成影响的研究，在WADA网站上也未找到与氙气或氩气吸入对红细胞生成和类固醇生成影响相关的研究。
仍然没有确凿证据支持氙气和氩气吸入对红细胞生成和类固醇生成以及它们对健康的积极作用。需要进一步研究以确定这些气体的影响。此外，反兴奋剂机构与所有关键利益相关者之间需要加强沟通，以支持将各种物质列入公认的禁用清单。
