Anna Roehl, Rolf Rossaint, Mark Coburn
Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52072, Aachen, Germany.
Intensive Care Med Exp. 2020 Feb 24;8(1):11. doi: 10.1186/s40635-020-0294-6.
The growth of the elderly population has led to an increase in patients with myocardial infarction and stroke (Wajngarten and Silva, Eur Cardiol 14: 111-115, 2019). Patients receiving treatment for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) highly profit from early reperfusion therapy under 3 h from the onset of symptoms. However, mortality from STEMI remains high due to the increase in age and comorbidities (Menees et al., N Engl J Med 369: 901-909, 2013). These factors also account for patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Reperfusion therapy has been established as the gold standard within the first 4 to 5 h after onset of symptoms (Powers et al., Stroke 49: e46-e110, 2018). Nonetheless, not all patients are eligible for reperfusion therapy. The same is true for traumatic brain injury patients. Due to the complexity of acute myocardial and central nervous injury (CNS), finding organ protective substances to improve the function of remote myocardium and the ischaemic penumbra of the brain is urgent. This narrative review focuses on the noble gases argon and xenon and their possible cardiac, renal and neuroprotectant properties in the elderly high-risk (surgical) population. The article will provide an overview of the latest experimental and clinical studies. It is beyond the scope of this review to give a detailed summary of the mechanistic understanding of organ protection by xenon and argon.
老年人口的增长导致心肌梗死和中风患者数量增加（Wajngarten和Silva，《欧洲心脏病学》14: 111 - 115，2019年）。接受ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）治疗的患者从症状发作后3小时内的早期再灌注治疗中获益匪浅。然而，由于年龄增长和合并症增加，STEMI的死亡率仍然很高（Menees等人，《新英格兰医学杂志》369: 901 - 909，2013年）。这些因素也适用于急性缺血性中风患者。再灌注治疗已被确立为症状发作后最初4至5小时内的金标准（Powers等人，《中风》49: e46 - e110，2018年）。尽管如此，并非所有患者都适合进行再灌注治疗。创伤性脑损伤患者也是如此。由于急性心肌和中枢神经损伤（CNS）的复杂性，寻找器官保护物质以改善远隔心肌和脑缺血半暗带的功能迫在眉睫。这篇叙述性综述聚焦于稀有气体氩和氙及其在老年高危（手术）人群中可能具有的心脏、肾脏和神经保护特性。本文将概述最新的实验和临床研究。详细总结氙和氩对器官保护的机制理解超出了本综述的范围。
