Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, Montana, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2023 May 22;18(5):e0255764. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255764. eCollection 2023.
Potatoes are a dietary staple consumed by a significant portion of the world, providing valuable carbohydrates and vitamins. However, most commercially produced potatoes have a high content of highly branched amylopectin starch, which generally results in a high glycemic index (GI). Consumption of foods with high levels of amylopectin elicit a rapid spike in blood glucose levels, which is undesirable for individuals who are pre-diabetic, diabetic, or obese. Some cultivars of potatoes with lower amylopectin levels have previously been identified and are commercially available in niche markets in some countries, but they are relatively unavailable in the United States and Latin America. The high glycemic index of widely available potatoes presents a problematic "consumer's dilemma" for individuals and families that may not be able to afford a better-balanced, more favorable diet. Some native communities in the Andes (Bolivia, Chile, and Peru) reportedly embrace a tradition of providing low glycemic tubers to people with obesity or diabetes to help people mitigate what is now understood as the negative effects of high blood sugar and obesity. These cultivars are not widely available on a global market. This study examines 60 potato cultivars to identify potatoes with low amylopectin. Three independent analyses of potato starch were used: microscopic examination of granule structure, water absorption, and spectrophotometric analysis of iodine complexes to identify potato cultivars with low amylopectin Differences among cultivars tested were detected by all three types of analyses. The most promising cultivars are Huckleberry Gold, Muru, Multa, Green Mountain, and an October Blue x Colorado Rose cross. Further work is necessary to document the ability of these low amylopectin cultivars to reduce blood glucose spike levels in human subjects.
土豆是世界上很大一部分人食用的主要食物之一，提供了有价值的碳水化合物和维生素。然而，大多数商业化生产的土豆都含有大量高度分支的支链淀粉，这通常导致血糖指数（GI）较高。食用富含支链淀粉的食物会导致血糖水平迅速升高，这对于糖尿病前期、糖尿病或肥胖的人来说是不理想的。以前已经确定了一些支链淀粉水平较低的土豆品种，并在一些国家的利基市场上商业化，但在美国和拉丁美洲相对较少。广泛可用的土豆的高血糖指数给个人和家庭带来了一个“消费者困境”，他们可能无法负担更均衡、更有利的饮食。据报道，安第斯山脉（玻利维亚、智利和秘鲁）的一些土著社区有一种传统，为肥胖或糖尿病患者提供低血糖土豆，以帮助人们减轻现在被认为是高血糖和肥胖的负面影响。这些品种在全球市场上并不广泛供应。本研究旨在鉴定出具有低支链淀粉的土豆品种。对土豆淀粉进行了三种独立的分析：颗粒结构的显微镜检查、水吸收和碘络合物的分光光度分析，以鉴定具有低支链淀粉的土豆品种。通过所有三种类型的分析都检测到了品种之间的差异。最有前途的品种是哈克贝利金、穆鲁、穆尔塔、绿山和奥克塔伯蓝 x 科罗拉多玫瑰杂交品种。需要进一步的工作来记录这些低支链淀粉品种在人体受试者中降低血糖峰值水平的能力。
