Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Copenhagen University, 1876 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
J Agric Food Chem. 2012 Oct 17;60(41):10302-11. doi: 10.1021/jf3031875. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
Barley is primarily grown for feed and malt, but in some regions of the world it is also considered to be a staple food. Some barley types such as high-amylose barley have also gained importance as health-promoting foods. Starch that is not readily digested in the upper mammalian gastrointestinal system, or resistant starch (RS), is considered to be valuable because it prevents some diet-related diseases such as colon cancer. RS was quantified in a diverse collection of 209 spring barley varieties released in Europe during the past 100 years. The RS content varied from <1% to >15% in the collection, with 13 varieties having high RS content (>11%) and 15 varieties below 1%. Combined with genome-wide association scanning (GWAS), SNP markers and candidate genes controlling the RS content in grains were identified. This identified 40 SNP markers with a LOD score above 2, located on chromosomes 2H, 3H, 5H, and 6H, respectively. Among these SNPs, 10 genes with a known role in starch biosynthesis were associated on the basis of synteny conservation to the rice genome. The β-glucan content was quantified in 61 varieties selected to represent extreme as well as medium RS values. The β-glucan amount in the 15 varieties with RS <1% ranged from 1.7 to 3.2%, ranged from 1.76 to 2.54% in the 13 varieties with RS >11%, and ranged from 1.95 to 2.82% for those with 1%< RS < 11%. No statistically significant correlation between RS content and β-glucan content was found. This association analysis of commercial varieties revealed a large variation in RS content and identified a number of SNP markers that can be explored for selection and further dissection of the pathway and control of RS phenotype.
大麦主要用于饲料和麦芽，但在世界上的一些地区，它也被视为主食。一些大麦品种，如高直链淀粉大麦，也因其具有促进健康的特性而变得重要。在上哺乳动物胃肠道中不易消化的淀粉或抗性淀粉（RS）被认为是有价值的，因为它可以预防一些与饮食有关的疾病，如结肠癌。在过去 100 年中，欧洲发布的 209 个春大麦品种的多样化收集品中，对 RS 进行了定量分析。该收集品中的 RS 含量从<1%到>15%不等，其中 13 个品种具有高 RS 含量（>11%），15 个品种低于 1%。结合全基因组关联扫描（GWAS），鉴定出控制谷物 RS 含量的 SNP 标记和候选基因。这确定了 40 个位于 2H、3H、5H 和 6H 染色体上的 SNP 标记，其 LOD 评分均高于 2。在这些 SNP 中，基于与水稻基因组的同线性保守性，有 10 个已知在淀粉生物合成中起作用的基因与它们相关。在选择代表极端和中等 RS 值的 61 个品种中，对β-葡聚糖含量进行了定量分析。在 RS<1%的 15 个品种中，β-葡聚糖含量为 1.7 至 3.2%，在 RS>11%的 13 个品种中，β-葡聚糖含量为 1.76 至 2.54%，在 RS 为 1%<RS<11%的品种中，β-葡聚糖含量为 1.95 至 2.82%。未发现 RS 含量与β-葡聚糖含量之间存在统计学上的显著相关性。对商业品种的这种关联分析显示 RS 含量存在很大差异，并确定了一些 SNP 标记，可以对其进行探索，以选择和进一步剖析 RS 表型的途径和控制。
