Institute of History, Theory and Ethics in Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
Endeavour. 2023 Jun;47(1-2):100861. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2023.100861. Epub 2023 May 20.
This study is the first to examine the collective of dental lecturers and scientists who emigrated from Nazi Germany to the United States of America. We pay special attention to the socio-demographic characteristics, emigration journeys, and further professional development of these individuals in the country of immigration. The paper is based on primary sources from various German, Austrian, and United States archives and a systematic evaluation of the secondary literature on the persons concerned. We identified a total of eighteen male emigrants. The majority of these dentists left the "Greater" German Reich between 1938 and 1941. Thirteen of the eighteen lecturers were able to find a position in American academia, mainly as full professors. Two-thirds of them settled in New York and Illinois. The study concludes that most of the emigrated dentists studied here succeeded in continuing or even expanding their academic careers in the USA, although they usually had to retake their final dental examinations. No other destination country for immigration offered similarly favorable conditions. Not a single dentist decided to remigrate after 1945.
这项研究首次考察了从纳粹德国移民到美利坚合众国的牙科讲师和科学家群体。我们特别关注这些人在移民国家的社会人口特征、移民历程以及进一步的职业发展。本文基于来自德国、奥地利和美国各个档案馆的原始资料，并对有关人员的二手文献进行了系统评估。我们总共确定了 18 名男性移民。这些牙医中的大多数人在 1938 年至 1941 年间离开了“大德意志帝国”。在这 18 名讲师中，有 13 人能够在美国学术界找到职位，主要是担任正教授。他们中有三分之二的人在纽约和伊利诺伊州定居。研究得出的结论是，这里研究的大多数移民牙医在美国成功地继续甚至扩大了他们的学术生涯，尽管他们通常不得不重新参加最后的牙科考试。没有其他移民目的地国家提供类似的有利条件。1945 年后，没有一个牙医决定再次移民。
