Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA.
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Aug;10(23):e2204681. doi: 10.1002/advs.202204681. Epub 2023 May 22.
Aerogel-based biomaterials are increasingly being considered for biomedical applications due to their unique properties such as high porosity, hierarchical porous network, and large specific pore surface area. Depending on the pore size of the aerogel, biological effects such as cell adhesion, fluid absorption, oxygen permeability, and metabolite exchange can be altered. Based on the diverse potential of aerogels in biomedical applications, this paper provides a comprehensive review of fabrication processes including sol-gel, aging, drying, and self-assembly along with the materials that can be used to form aerogels. In addition to the technology utilizing aerogel itself, it also provides insight into the applicability of aerogel based on additive manufacturing technology. To this end, how microfluidic-based technologies and 3D printing can be combined with aerogel-based materials for biomedical applications is discussed. Furthermore, previously reported examples of aerogels for regenerative medicine and biomedical applications are thoroughly reviewed. A wide range of applications with aerogels including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and diagnostics are demonstrated. Finally, the prospects for aerogel-based biomedical applications are presented. The understanding of the fabrication, modification, and applicability of aerogels through this study is expected to shed light on the biomedical utilization of aerogels.
基于气凝胶的生物材料由于其独特的性质，如高孔隙率、分级多孔网络和大的比孔表面积，越来越多地被考虑用于生物医学应用。根据气凝胶的孔径大小，可以改变生物效应，如细胞黏附、流体吸收、氧气渗透性和代谢物交换。基于气凝胶在生物医学应用中的多样化潜力，本文全面综述了制造工艺，包括溶胶-凝胶、陈化、干燥和自组装，以及可用于形成气凝胶的材料。除了利用气凝胶本身的技术外，本文还介绍了基于添加剂制造技术的气凝胶的适用性。为此，讨论了基于微流控技术和 3D 打印如何与基于气凝胶的材料结合应用于生物医学领域。此外，还彻底回顾了先前报道的用于再生医学和生物医学应用的气凝胶的例子。展示了气凝胶在伤口愈合、药物输送、组织工程和诊断等广泛领域的应用。最后，提出了基于气凝胶的生物医学应用的前景。通过这项研究对气凝胶的制造、改性和适用性的理解，有望为气凝胶在生物医学中的应用提供启示。
