Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, M&HS Building 507 - Bldg 507, 28 Park Ave, Grafton, 1850, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand.
BMC Geriatr. 2023 May 22;23(1):318. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-03961-8.
Older people have more comorbidities than younger groups and multimorbidity will increase. Often chronic conditions affect quality of life, functional ability and social participation. Our study aim was to quantify the prevalence of chronic conditions over a three-year period and their association with mortality after accounting for demographics.
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected health data including community-dwelling older adults in New Zealand who had an interRAI Home Care assessment between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017. Descriptive statistics and differences between variables of interest among ethnic groups were reported. Cumulative density plots of mortality were developed. Logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex to estimate mortality were created independently for each combination of ethnicity and disease diagnosis.
The study cohort consisted of 31,704 people with a mean (SD) age of 82.3 years (8.0), and of whom 18,997 (59.9%) were female. Participants were followed for a median 1.1 (range 0 to 3) years. By the end of the follow-up period 15,678 (49.5%) people had died. Nearly 62% of Māori and Pacific older adults and 57% of other ethnicities had cognitive impairment. Diabetes the next most prevalent amongst Māori and Pacific peoples, and coronary heart disease amongst Non-Māori/Non-Pacific individuals. Of the 5,184 (16.3%) who had congestive heart failure (CHF), 3,450 (66.6%) died. This was the highest mortality rate of any of the diseases. There was a decrease in mortality rate with age for both sexes and all ethnicities for those with cancer.
Cognitive impairment was the most common condition in community dwelling older adults who had an interRAI assessment. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has the highest mortality risk for all ethnic groups, and in non-Māori/non-Pacific group of advanced age, risk of mortality with cognitive impairment is as high as CVD risk. We observed an inverse for cancer mortality risk with age. Important differences between ethnic groups are reported.
老年人比年轻群体有更多的合并症，且合并症的数量将会增加。通常情况下，慢性疾病会影响生活质量、身体机能和社会参与度。我们的研究目的是在考虑人口统计学因素的情况下，量化三年内慢性疾病的患病率，并分析其与死亡率之间的关联。
我们进行了一项回顾性队列研究，使用了常规收集的健康数据，包括新西兰社区居住的老年人，他们在 2017 年 1 月 1 日至 2017 年 12 月 31 日期间接受了 interRAI 家庭护理评估。报告了不同种族组间感兴趣变量的描述性统计数据和差异。开发了死亡率的累积密度图。为每个种族和疾病诊断组合创建了独立的调整年龄和性别的 logistic 回归模型，以估计死亡率。
研究队列包括 31704 名平均（标准差）年龄为 82.3 岁（8.0）的人，其中 18997 人（59.9%）为女性。参与者的中位随访时间为 1.1 年（范围 0 至 3 年）。在随访结束时，15678 人（49.5%）死亡。近 62%的毛利人和太平洋岛民老年人以及 57%的其他种族老年人存在认知障碍。糖尿病是毛利人和太平洋岛民第二常见的疾病，而非毛利人/非太平洋岛民最常见的疾病是冠心病。在 5184 名（16.3%）充血性心力衰竭（CHF）患者中，有 3450 人（66.6%）死亡。这是所有疾病中死亡率最高的。对于男性和女性以及所有种族，癌症患者的死亡率随着年龄的增长而降低。
在接受 interRAI 评估的社区居住老年人中，认知障碍是最常见的疾病。心血管疾病（CVD）对所有种族的死亡率风险最高，而非毛利人/非太平洋岛民中，高龄人群的认知障碍死亡率与 CVD 风险相当。我们观察到癌症死亡率随年龄呈负相关。报告了不同种族之间的重要差异。
