Bratisl Lek Listy. 2023;124(7):534-539. doi: 10.4149/BLL_2023_082.
Suicides are one of the topics discussed around the world. This problem receives large space in scientific and professional literature, in order to eliminate its occurrence. Mechanisms of suicides are determined by whole spectrum of reasons determined by/depending on physical and psychological health. The objective of this work is to document the differences in mechanisms and realization of suicides by mentally sick people. Ten cases of suicides are reported in the article: three of which in people with a history of depression of the victim noted by family members, one with treated depression, three with anxiety-depressive disorder and three schizophrenic patients cases. There are five men and five women. Four of these women overdosed themselves by medicaments and one jumped out of a window. Two men shot themselves, two hanged themselves and one jumped out of a window. Persons without anamnestically proven psychiatric diseases end their lives mostly because of inconclusive situation or as a result of balancing their whole life (usually with good plan and preparation of the act). Persons with treatment of depression or anxiety-depressive disorder kill themselves mostly after several "unsuccessful" attempts. In case of victims with schizophrenia suicides follow a hardly predictable sequence of actions which sometimes do not seem to have any logic. Differences have been found between victims with and without mental disorders in ways of realization of suicides. Psychological predispositions in mood changes, long-term sadness and threatening suicide should be recognized by family members. Prevention of suicides in cases of people with a history of mental disorders is based on medical treatment and cooperation between the client and family members and a psychiatrist (Ref. 30). Keywords: forensic medicine, mental disorders, prevention, psychiatry, risk factors, suicides.
自杀是全世界讨论的话题之一。这个问题在科学和专业文献中占有很大篇幅,旨在消除其发生。自杀的机制是由身心健康所决定的各种原因决定的。本工作的目的是记录精神病患者自杀的机制和实现方式的差异。本文报告了 10 例自杀病例:其中 3 例是有家族病史的抑郁症患者,1 例是经治疗的抑郁症患者,3 例是焦虑抑郁障碍患者,3 例是精神分裂症患者。有 5 名男性和 5 名女性。其中 4 名女性服用药物过量,1 名跳楼自杀。2 名男性开枪自杀,2 名上吊自杀,1 名跳楼自杀。没有既往精神疾病病史的人大多因为无法解决的情况或因为平衡了他们的一生(通常是有很好的计划和准备)而结束生命。有治疗过的抑郁症或焦虑抑郁障碍的人大多在几次“不成功”的尝试后自杀。精神分裂症患者的自杀行为遵循着难以预测的行动顺序,有时似乎没有任何逻辑。在实现自杀的方式上,有和没有精神障碍的受害者之间存在差异。家庭成员应注意情绪变化、长期悲伤和威胁自杀等心理倾向。对于有精神障碍病史的人,预防自杀的基础是医疗治疗以及患者及其家属与精神科医生的合作(参考文献 30)。关键词:法医学;精神障碍;预防;精神病学;危险因素;自杀。