Schoenfeld Brad J, Androulakis-Korakakis Patroklos, Piñero Alec, Burke Ryan, Coleman Max, Mohan Adam E, Escalante Guillermo, Rukstela Alexa, Campbell Bill, Helms Eric
Department of Exercise Science and Recreation, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2023 May 8;8(2):59. doi: 10.3390/jfmk8020059.
The present paper aimed to systematically review case studies on physique athletes to evaluate longitudinal changes in measures of body composition, neuromuscular performance, chronic hormonal levels, physiological adaptations, and psychometric outcomes during pre-contest preparation. We included studies that (1) were classified as case studies involving physique athletes during the pre-contest phase of their competitive cycle; (2) involved adults (18+ years of age) as participants; (3) were published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal; (4) had a pre-contest duration of at least 3 months; (5) reported changes across contest preparation relating to measures of body composition (fat mass, lean mass, and bone mineral density), neuromuscular performance (strength and power), chronic hormonal levels (testosterone, estrogen, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin), physiological adaptations (maximal aerobic capacity, resting energy expenditure, heart rate, blood pressure, menstrual function, and sleep quality), and/or psychometric outcomes (mood states and food desire). Our review ultimately included 11 case studies comprising 15 ostensibly drug-free athletes (male = 8, female = 7) who competed in various physique-oriented divisions including bodybuilding, figure, and bikini. The results indicated marked alterations across the array of analyzed outcomes, sometimes with high inter-individual variability and divergent sex-specific responses. The complexities and implications of these findings are discussed herein.
本文旨在系统回顾关于健体运动员的案例研究，以评估赛前准备期间身体成分测量、神经肌肉表现、慢性激素水平、生理适应和心理测量结果的纵向变化。我们纳入的研究需满足以下条件：（1）被归类为涉及健体运动员竞技周期赛前阶段的案例研究；（2）以成年人（18岁及以上）为参与者；（3）发表于英文同行评审期刊；（4）赛前持续时间至少为3个月；（5）报告了在赛前准备过程中与身体成分测量（脂肪量、瘦体重和骨矿物质密度）、神经肌肉表现（力量和功率）、慢性激素水平（睾酮、雌激素、皮质醇、瘦素和胃饥饿素）、生理适应（最大有氧能力、静息能量消耗、心率、血压、月经功能和睡眠质量）以及/或者心理测量结果（情绪状态和食物欲望）相关的变化。我们的综述最终纳入了11项案例研究，涵盖了参加包括健美、健体和比基尼等各种健体项目的15名表面上未使用药物的运动员（男性 = 8名，女性 = 7名）。结果表明，在一系列分析结果中存在显著变化，有时个体间差异较大且存在不同的性别特异性反应。本文讨论了这些发现的复杂性及其意义。
