Escalante Guillermo, Stevenson Scott W, Barakat Christopher, Aragon Alan A, Schoenfeld Brad J
Department of Kinesiology, California State University- San Bernardino, CA, San Bernardino, USA.
Integrative Bodybuilding LLC, FL, Tampa, USA.
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Jun 13;13(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s13102-021-00296-y.
Bodybuilding is a competitive endeavor where a combination of muscle size, symmetry, "conditioning" (low body fat levels), and stage presentation are judged. Success in bodybuilding requires that competitors achieve their peak physique during the day of competition. To this end, competitors have been reported to employ various peaking interventions during the final days leading to competition. Commonly reported peaking strategies include altering exercise and nutritional regimens, including manipulation of macronutrient, water, and electrolyte intake, as well as consumption of various dietary supplements. The primary goals for these interventions are to maximize muscle glycogen content, minimize subcutaneous water, and reduce the risk abdominal bloating to bring about a more aesthetically pleasing physique. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of evidence to support the commonly reported practices employed by bodybuilders during peak week. Hence, the purpose of this article is to critically review the current literature as to the scientific support for pre-contest peaking protocols most commonly employed by bodybuilders and provide evidence-based recommendations as safe and effective strategies on the topic.
健美是一项竞技活动，评判标准包括肌肉大小、对称性、“状态调整”（低体脂水平）和舞台表现力。健美比赛的成功要求参赛者在比赛当天达到最佳体型。为此，有报道称参赛者在比赛前的最后几天会采用各种达到巅峰状态的干预措施。常见的达到巅峰状态的策略包括改变锻炼和营养方案，包括调整常量营养素、水和电解质的摄入量，以及服用各种膳食补充剂。这些干预措施的主要目标是使肌肉糖原含量最大化，减少皮下水分，并降低腹部胀气的风险，以塑造更具美感的体型。不幸的是，缺乏证据支持健美运动员在巅峰周通常采用的做法。因此，本文的目的是批判性地回顾当前关于健美运动员最常用的赛前达到巅峰状态方案的科学支持的文献，并就该主题提供基于证据的安全有效策略建议。
