Sabiniewicz Agnieszka, Lindner Kyri-Kristin, Haehner Antje, Hummel Thomas
Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, 50-527 Wrocław, Poland.
Neurol Int. 2023 May 12;15(2):638-648. doi: 10.3390/neurolint15020040.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in humans can result in olfactory, cognitive, and affective changes. Surprisingly, research on the consequences of TBI often did not control for olfactory function in the investigated groups. Consequently, the affective or cognitive differences might be misleading as related rather to different olfactory performance than to a TBI experience. Hence, our study aimed to investigate whether TBI occurrence would lead to altered affective and cognitive functioning in two groups of dysosmic patients, one with TBI experience and one without. In total, 51 patients with TBI experience and 50 controls with varied causes of olfactory loss were thoroughly examined in terms of olfactory, cognitive, and affective performance. Student -tests demonstrated that the only significant difference between the groups appeared in the depression severity, with TBI patients being more depressed (t = 2.3, = 0.011, Cohen's d = -0.47). Regression analyses further showed that TBI experience was significantly associated with depression severity (R2 = 0.05, F [1, 96] = 5.5, = 0.021, beta = 1.4). In conclusion, the present study showed that TBI experience is linked to depression, which is more pronounced compared to individuals with olfactory loss without TBI.
人类创伤性脑损伤（TBI）可导致嗅觉、认知和情感方面的变化。令人惊讶的是，关于TBI后果的研究在被调查群体中往往没有对嗅觉功能进行控制。因此，情感或认知差异可能具有误导性，因为它们可能更多地与不同的嗅觉表现有关，而非与TBI经历有关。因此，我们的研究旨在调查TBI的发生是否会导致两组嗅觉障碍患者的情感和认知功能发生改变，一组有TBI经历，另一组没有。总共对51名有TBI经历的患者和50名因各种原因嗅觉丧失的对照组进行了嗅觉、认知和情感表现方面的全面检查。学生t检验表明，两组之间唯一显著的差异出现在抑郁严重程度上，TBI患者的抑郁程度更高（t = 2.3，p = 0.011，科恩d值 = -0.47）。回归分析进一步表明，TBI经历与抑郁严重程度显著相关（R2 = 0.05，F [1, 96] = 5.5，p = 0.021，β = 1.4）。总之，本研究表明，TBI经历与抑郁有关，与没有TBI的嗅觉丧失个体相比，这种抑郁更为明显。
