Paraclinical Sciences, The University of the West Indies at Saint Augustine Faculty of Medical Sciences, Saint Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
Department of Anatomical Pathology, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, North Central Regional Health Authority, Mount Hope, Trinidad and Tobago.
Postgrad Med J. 2023 May 22;99(1170):265-271. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-139860.
The WHO classification of lung cancer (2015) is based on immunohistochemistry and molecular evaluation. This also includes microscopic analysis of morphological patterns that aids in the pathological diagnosis and classification of lung cancers. Lung cancers are the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Recent advancements in identifying the etiopathogenesis are majorly driven by gene mutation studies. This has been explained by The Cancer Genome Atlas, next-generation sequencer and TRAcking non-small cell lung cancer evolution through therapy [Rx]. This article reviews the genetic profile of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and pulmonary carcinoids. This includes the prolific genetic alterations and novel molecular changes seen in these tumours. In addition, target- specific drugs that have shown promising effects in clinical use and trials are also briefly discussed.
世界卫生组织（WHO）的肺癌分类（2015）基于免疫组织化学和分子评估。这还包括对形态模式的微观分析，有助于肺癌的病理诊断和分类。肺癌是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。最近在确定病因发病机制方面的进展主要是由基因突变研究推动的。这一点已经被癌症基因组图谱（The Cancer Genome Atlas）、下一代测序器和通过治疗追踪非小细胞肺癌演变（Tracking non-small cell lung cancer evolution through therapy [Rx]）所解释。本文综述了腺癌、鳞状细胞癌、小细胞癌、大细胞神经内分泌癌和肺类癌的遗传特征。其中包括这些肿瘤中常见的大量遗传改变和新的分子变化。此外，还简要讨论了在临床应用和试验中显示出良好效果的靶向特定药物。
