Migliaccio G, Migliaccio A R, Petti S, Mavilio F, Russo G, Lazzaro D, Testa U, Marinucci M, Peschle C
J Clin Invest. 1986 Jul;78(1):51-60. doi: 10.1172/JCI112572.
Human embryonic development involves transition from yolk sac (YS) to liver (L) hemopoiesis. We report the identification of pluripotent, erythroid, and granulo-macrophage progenitors in YS, L, and blood from human embryos. Furthermore, comprehensive studies are presented on the number of hemopoietic progenitors and precursors, as well as of other cell types, in YS, L, and blood at precisely sequential stages in embryos and early fetuses (i.e., at 4.5-8 wk and 9-10 wk postconception, respectively). Our results provide circumstantial support to a monoclonal hypothesis for human embryonic hemopoiesis, based on migration of stem and early progenitor cells from a generation site (YS) to a colonization site (L) via circulating blood. The YS----L transition is associated with development of the differentiation program in proliferating stem cells: their erythroid progeny shows, therefore, parallel switches of multiple parameters, e.g., morphology (megaloblasts----macrocytes) and globin expression (zeta----alpha, epsilon----gamma).
人类胚胎发育涉及从卵黄囊（YS）造血向肝脏（L）造血的转变。我们报告了在人类胚胎的卵黄囊、肝脏和血液中鉴定出多能、红系和粒-巨噬细胞祖细胞。此外，还对胚胎和早期胎儿（即分别在受孕后4.5 - 8周和9 - 10周）不同阶段的卵黄囊、肝脏和血液中的造血祖细胞和前体细胞以及其他细胞类型的数量进行了全面研究。我们的结果为人类胚胎造血的单克隆假说提供了间接支持，该假说基于干细胞和早期祖细胞通过循环血液从产生部位（卵黄囊）迁移到定植部位（肝脏）。卵黄囊向肝脏的转变与增殖干细胞中分化程序的发展相关：因此，它们的红系后代显示出多个参数的平行转变，例如形态（巨幼红细胞→成熟红细胞）和珠蛋白表达（ζ→α，ε→γ）。
