Pennington J A, Young B E, Wilson D B, Johnson R D, Vanderveen J E
J Am Diet Assoc. 1986 Jul;86(7):876-91.
The 234 foods of the FDA's Total Diet Study were collected four times per year form mid-1982 to mid-1984 and analyzed for 11 essential minerals. Daily intakes of the minerals were estimated for eight age-sex groups of the U.S. population. Levels of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese were low (less than 80% of the RDA or below the low end of the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake range) for some or all age-sex groups. Those most at risk of low intakes were young children, teenage girls, adult women, and older women. Non-discretionary sodium intake exceeded the upper Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake range for two age-sex groups, and iodine was considerably above the RDA for all age-sex groups. Levels of potassium, phosphorus, and selenium were adequate for all groups.
美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）总膳食研究中的234种食物于1982年年中至1984年年中每年采集四次，并对11种必需矿物质进行分析。估算了美国人口八个年龄性别组的矿物质每日摄入量。部分或所有年龄性别组的钙、镁、铁、锌、铜和锰含量较低（低于推荐膳食摄入量的80%或低于估计安全和充足的每日膳食摄入量范围的下限）。摄入量低风险最高的人群是幼儿、少女、成年女性和老年女性。两个年龄性别组的非 discretionary 钠摄入量超过了估计安全和充足的每日膳食摄入量范围上限，所有年龄性别组的碘含量均远高于推荐膳食摄入量。所有组的钾、磷和硒含量充足。 （注：原文中“Non-discretionary”不太明确准确意思，这里保留英文未翻译）
