Stylianou Marinos, Barlet Chloe, Andreou Chrysafis, Agapiou Agapios
Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Engineering Sustainability, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Open University of Cyprus, Giannou Kranidioti 89, Latsia, 2231, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Mar;31(12):17670-17677. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-27628-4. Epub 2023 May 25.
Indoor air quality (IAQ) has attracted a lot of attention due to its complexity and direct effect on human health. Indoor settings in libraries entail various volatile organic compounds (VOCs) linked to the aging and degradation of print material. The effect of the storage environment on paper life expectancy was investigated by targeting the VOC emissions of old and new books using headspace solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) analysis. "Sniffing" of book degradation markers showed both ubiquitously and infrequently occurring VOCs. Old book "degradomics" revealed mostly alcohols (57%) and ethers (12%), whereas new books resulted mainly to ketones (40%) and aldehydes (21%). Chemometric processing of the results with principal component analysis (PCA) corroborated our initial observations and was able to discriminate the books by age into three groups: very old books (from the 1600 s to mid-1700), old books (from the 1800s to the early 1900s), and modern books (from the mid-twentieth century onwards) based on their gaseous markers. The measured mean concentrations of selected VOCs (acetic acid, furfural, benzene, and toluene) were below the respective guidelines set for similar places (i.e. museums). The applied non-invasive, green analytical methodology (HS-SPME-GC/MS) can assist librarians, stakeholders, and researchers to evaluate the IAQ, as well as the degree of degradation, and take the appropriate measures for book restoration and monitoring protocols.
室内空气质量（IAQ）因其复杂性和对人类健康的直接影响而备受关注。图书馆的室内环境含有与印刷材料老化和降解相关的各种挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱（HS-SPME-GC/MS）分析，以新旧书籍的VOC排放为目标，研究了储存环境对纸张预期寿命的影响。对书籍降解标志物的“嗅探”显示，VOCs既有普遍存在的，也有不常见的。旧书“降解组学”显示主要为醇类（57%）和醚类（12%），而新书主要为酮类（40%）和醛类（21%）。用主成分分析（PCA）对结果进行化学计量处理，证实了我们最初的观察结果，并能够根据书籍的气态标志物按年代将书籍分为三组：非常古老的书籍（17世纪至18世纪中叶）、旧书（19世纪至20世纪初）和现代书籍（20世纪中叶以后）。所测选定VOCs（乙酸、糠醛、苯和甲苯）的平均浓度低于为类似场所（如博物馆）设定的相应指导标准。所应用的非侵入性绿色分析方法（HS-SPME-GC/MS）可帮助图书馆员、利益相关者和研究人员评估室内空气质量以及降解程度，并采取适当措施进行书籍修复和监测方案。
