Cikrit D, West K W, Schreiner R, Grosfeld J L
J Pediatr Surg. 1986 Jun;21(6):533-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3468(86)80227-5.
One hundred twenty-five infants underwent surgical intervention for necrotizing enterocolitis between 1972 and 1984. Sixty-three infants, who survived more than 30 days postoperatively, were evaluated for long-term complications. There were 28 girls and 35 boys (mean birth weight 1,725 +/- 890 g; gestational age 32 +/- 4 weeks). Associated problems included hyaline membrane disease (43), cardiac anomalies (25), and trisomy 21(2). Thirty-six survivors required long-term ventilatory support. Fifty-nine infants underwent bowel resection and enterostomy, 3 decompressing enterostomies without resection, and 1, exploratory laparotomy only. Enterostomies were closed at four months. Twenty four had short bowel syndrome. Fifteen infants subsequently died for a late mortality rate of 23%. Mortality was related to sepsis (3), respiratory failure (5), cardiac anomalies (3), cardio-respiratory arrest (2), and TPN related liver failure (2), and was common with gestational age less than 31 weeks and birth weight less than 1,000 g. Medical problems included cholestasis (17), TPN induced cirrhosis (3), meningitis (3), seizures (8), and nutritional rickets (6). Significant developmental and intellectual delays were observed.
1972年至1984年间，125例患有坏死性小肠结肠炎的婴儿接受了手术治疗。对术后存活超过30天的63例婴儿进行了长期并发症评估。其中有28名女孩和35名男孩（平均出生体重1725±890克；胎龄32±4周）。相关问题包括透明膜病（43例）、心脏畸形（25例）和21三体综合征（2例）。36名幸存者需要长期通气支持。59例婴儿接受了肠切除和肠造口术，3例仅行减压性肠造口术而未行切除术，1例仅行剖腹探查术。肠造口术在四个月时关闭。24例患有短肠综合征。15例婴儿随后死亡，晚期死亡率为23%。死亡与败血症（3例）、呼吸衰竭（5例）、心脏畸形（3例）、心肺骤停（2例）和全胃肠外营养相关的肝功能衰竭（2例）有关，在胎龄小于31周和出生体重小于1000克的婴儿中较为常见。医学问题包括胆汁淤积（17例）、全胃肠外营养诱导的肝硬化（3例）、脑膜炎（3例）、癫痫发作（8例）和营养性佝偻病（6例）。观察到明显的发育和智力迟缓。
