Mégier Charles, Dumery Grégoire, Luton Dominique
Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris Saclay, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
Metabolites. 2023 May 6;13(5):633. doi: 10.3390/metabo13050633.
Thyroid hormones and iodine are required to increase basal metabolic rate and to regulate protein synthesis, long bone growth and neuronal maturation. They are also essential for protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism regulation. Imbalances in thyroid and iodine metabolism can negatively affect these vital functions. Pregnant women are at risk of hypo or hyperthyroidism, in relation to or regardless of their medical history, with potential dramatic outcomes. Fetal development highly relies on thyroid and iodine metabolism and can be compromised if they malfunction. As the interface between the fetus and the mother, the placenta plays a crucial role in thyroid and iodine metabolism during pregnancy. This narrative review aims to provide an update on current knowledge of thyroid and iodine metabolism in normal and pathological pregnancies. After a brief description of general thyroid and iodine metabolism, their main modifications during normal pregnancies and the placental molecular actors are described. We then discuss the most frequent pathologies to illustrate the upmost importance of iodine and thyroid for both the mother and the fetus.
甲状腺激素和碘对于提高基础代谢率以及调节蛋白质合成、长骨生长和神经元成熟是必需的。它们对于蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢调节也至关重要。甲状腺和碘代谢失衡会对这些重要功能产生负面影响。无论有无病史，孕妇都有患甲状腺功能减退或亢进的风险，可能会产生严重后果。胎儿发育高度依赖甲状腺和碘代谢，如果它们功能失调，胎儿发育可能会受到影响。作为胎儿与母亲之间的界面，胎盘在孕期甲状腺和碘代谢中起着关键作用。这篇叙述性综述旨在更新关于正常和病理妊娠中甲状腺和碘代谢的现有知识。在简要描述甲状腺和碘的一般代谢后，描述了它们在正常妊娠期间的主要变化以及胎盘分子作用因子。然后我们讨论最常见的病症，以说明碘和甲状腺对母亲和胎儿的至关重要性。
