Berghuis Sietske A, Hall Meaghan, Krzeczkowski John E, Goodman Carly V, Chevrier Jonathan, Ayotte Pierre, Lanphear Bruce, Till Christine
Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
Nutrients. 2025 Feb 27;17(5):830. doi: 10.3390/nu17050830.
: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis, and THs in pregnant women are critical for fetal brain development. It is unclear whether urinary iodine concentrations (UICs) are associated with thyroid parameters in pregnant women and neurodevelopment in their 3-4-year-old children. : In the Canadian Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals (MIREC) cohort, we categorized UIC adjusted for urinary creatinine (UIC/Cr) in the first two trimesters as <150, 150-500, or ≥500 µg/g. We used multivariable regression to quantify associations between UIC/Cr and thyroid parameters in maternal plasma ( = 1501), including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total T4 (tT4), free T4 (fT4), thyroglobulin (Tg) and Tg antibodies (TgAb), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). We defined positive thyroid autoantibodies as TgAb ≥ 4.11 or TPOAb ≥ 5.61 IU/mL. We also examined the associations between UIC/Cr with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence ( = 503), Behavior Assessment System for Children ( = 751), and the Social Responsiveness Scale ( = 498). Twenty-two percent of women had UIC/Cr < 150 and 17% ≥ 500 µg/g. UIC/Cr was not associated with TSH, tT4, or fT4. After excluding women with positive thyroid autoantibodies, those with UIC/Cr < 150 µg/g had higher tT4 compared to those with 150-500 µg/g. Compared to women with UIC/Cr 150-500 µg/g, those with UIC/Cr < 150 had higher Tg and, those with UIC/Cr ≥ 500 had less frequent positive thyroid autoantibodies. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were not associated with maternal Tg, nor did they differ for maternal UIC/Cr < 150 and ≥500 compared to 150-500 µg/g. In this cohort, Tg and tT4 were higher in women with UIC/Cr < 150 µg/g compared to those with UIC/Cr 150-500 µg/g. Urinary iodine in pregnant women was not associated with neurodevelopment in their 3-4-year-old children.
碘对于甲状腺激素（TH）的合成至关重要，而孕妇体内的甲状腺激素对胎儿大脑发育至关重要。目前尚不清楚孕妇的尿碘浓度（UICs）是否与孕妇的甲状腺参数及其3至4岁孩子的神经发育有关。：在加拿大母婴环境化学物质研究（MIREC）队列中，我们将孕早期前两个月经尿肌酐校正的UIC（UIC/Cr）分为<150、150 - 500或≥500 µg/g。我们使用多变量回归来量化UIC/Cr与母体血浆（n = 1501）中的甲状腺参数之间的关联，这些参数包括促甲状腺激素（TSH）、总T4（tT4）、游离T4（fT4）、甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）和Tg抗体（TgAb）以及甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）。我们将甲状腺自身抗体阳性定义为TgAb≥4.11或TPOAb≥5.61 IU/mL。我们还研究了UIC/Cr与韦氏学前和小学智力量表（n = 503）、儿童行为评估系统（n = 751）以及社会反应量表（n = 498）之间的关联。22%的女性UIC/Cr<150，17%的女性UIC/Cr≥500 µg/g。UIC/Cr与TSH、tT4或fT4无关。在排除甲状腺自身抗体阳性的女性后，UIC/Cr<150 µg/g的女性与UIC/Cr为150 - 500 µg/g的女性相比，tT4更高。与UIC/Cr为150 - 500 µg/g的女性相比，UIC/Cr<150的女性Tg更高，而UIC/Cr≥500的女性甲状腺自身抗体阳性的频率更低。神经发育结局与母体Tg无关，与UIC/Cr<150和≥500 µg/g的母体相比，与UIC/Cr为150 - 500 µg/g的母体相比也没有差异。在这个队列中，与UIC/Cr为150 - 500 µg/g的女性相比，UIC/Cr<150 µg/g的女性Tg和tT4更高。孕妇的尿碘与她们3至4岁孩子的神经发育无关。
