Bányász Borbála, Antal József, Dénes Béla
Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest, 1143 Budapest, Hungary.
Laboratory of Immunology, Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143 Budapest, Hungary.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2023 May 12;8(5):274. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed8050274.
This review summarizes the status of resolving the problem of false positive serologic results (FPSR) in serology, compiles our knowledge on the molecular background of the problem, and highlights some prospects for its resolution. The molecular basis of the FPSRs is reviewed through analyzing the components of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, especially the surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with details related to brucellae. After evaluating the efforts that have been made to solve target specificity problems of serologic tests, the following conclusions can be drawn: (i) resolving the FPSR problem requires a deeper understanding than we currently possess, both of immunology and of the current serology tests; (ii) the practical solutions will be as expensive as the related research; and (iii) the root cause of FPSRs is the application of the same type of antigen (S-type LPS) in the currently approved tests. Thus, new approaches are necessary to resolve the problems stemming from FPSR. Such approaches suggested by this paper are: (i) the application of antigens from R-type bacteria; or (ii) the further development of specific brucellin-based skin tests; or (iii) the application of microbial cell-free DNA as analyte, whose approach is detailed in this paper.
本综述总结了血清学中解决血清学假阳性结果（FPSR）问题的现状，汇集了我们对该问题分子背景的认识，并突出了其解决的一些前景。通过分析革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁的成分，特别是与布鲁氏菌相关的细节表面脂多糖（LPS），对FPSR的分子基础进行了综述。在评估为解决血清学检测的目标特异性问题所做的努力后，可以得出以下结论：（i）解决FPSR问题需要比我们目前所拥有的更深入地理解免疫学和当前的血清学检测；（ii）实际解决方案将与相关研究一样昂贵；（iii）FPSR的根本原因是目前批准的检测中使用了相同类型的抗原（S型LPS）。因此，需要新的方法来解决由FPSR引起的问题。本文提出的此类方法包括：（i）应用来自R型细菌的抗原；或（ii）进一步开发基于特异性布鲁菌素的皮肤试验；或（iii）将微生物无细胞DNA作为分析物应用，本文详细介绍了其方法。
