Neuro-Epigenetics Research Group, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
J Endocrinol. 2023 Jul 12;258(2). doi: 10.1530/JOE-22-0293. Print 2023 Aug 1.
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays a critical role in the mammalian brain as a mediator of appropriate cellular and behavioural responses under both baseline and stressful conditions. In the hippocampus, the MR has been implicated in several processes, such as neuronal maintenance, adult neurogenesis, inhibitory control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and learning and memory. Because of its high affinity for endogenous glucocorticoid hormones, the MR has long been postulated to mediate tonic actions in the brain, but more recent data have expanded on this view, indicating that the MR elicits dynamic responses as well. The complexity of the diverse molecular, cellular, and physiological functions fulfilled by the human, rat and mouse MR could at least partially be explained by the existence of different isoforms of the receptor. The structural and functional characteristics of these isoforms, however, have remained largely unexplored. The present article will review the current knowledge concerning human, rat, and mouse MR isoforms and evaluate seminal studies concerning the roles of the brain MR, with the intent to shed light on the function of its specific isoforms.
盐皮质激素受体 (MR) 在哺乳动物大脑中起着至关重要的作用，作为在基线和应激条件下适当的细胞和行为反应的调节剂。在海马体中，MR 已被牵涉到多个过程，如神经元维持、成年神经发生、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的抑制性控制以及学习和记忆。由于其对内源性糖皮质激素的高亲和力，MR 长期以来被认为在大脑中介导紧张作用，但最近的数据扩展了这一观点，表明 MR 也会引发动态反应。人类、大鼠和小鼠 MR 所履行的不同分子、细胞和生理功能的复杂性至少可以部分解释为受体存在不同的亚型。然而，这些亚型的结构和功能特征在很大程度上仍未得到探索。本文将回顾有关人类、大鼠和小鼠 MR 亚型的现有知识，并评估关于脑 MR 作用的开创性研究，旨在阐明其特定亚型的功能。
