Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
J Med Philos. 2023 Jun 20;48(4):359-372. doi: 10.1093/jmp/jhad023.
Should priority in the allocation of organs be given to those who have previously donated or declared their willingness to do so? This article examines the Israeli priority rule in light of two prominent critiques of priority rules, pertaining to failure to reciprocate and unfairness. The scope and content of these critiques are interpreted from the perspective of equality of opportunity. Because the Israeli priority rule may be reasonably criticized for unfairness and failing to reward certain behaviors, the article develops an adjusted priority rule, which removes and adjust the elements in the Israeli priority rule deemed problematic. However, such a priority rule is complex to the extent that it may fail to increase donation rates and furthermore introduce new concerns of fairness, as the better off may be better able to navigate the complex adjusted priority rule.
器官分配是否应优先考虑那些之前有过捐赠或表示愿意捐赠的人？本文从未能回报和不公平这两个优先规则的突出批评的角度，审视了以色列的优先规则。从机会均等的角度来解释这些批评的范围和内容。由于以色列的优先规则可能因为不公平和未能奖励某些行为而受到合理的批评，因此本文制定了一个调整后的优先规则，删除和调整了以色列优先规则中被认为有问题的元素。然而，这样的优先规则是复杂的，因为它可能无法提高捐赠率，并且会带来新的公平问题，因为条件较好的人可能更有能力应对复杂的调整后优先规则。
