The discovery and identification of gene families by using wide-genome and public databases is an effective way to gain initial insight into gene function, which also is one of the current hot spots of research. Chlorophyll ab-binding proteins (LHC) are important for photosynthesis and widely involved in plant adversity stress. However, the study in wheat has not been reported. In this study, we identified 127 TaLHC members from common wheat which were unevenly distributed on all chromosomes except 3B and 3D. All members divided into three subfamilies, LHC a, LHC b and the LHC t which was only discovered in wheat. All of them had maximum expression in leaves and contained multiple light-responsive cis-acting element, which were evidence of the extensive involvement of LHC families in photosynthesis. In addition, we also analyzed their collinear relationship, targeting relationship with miRNA and their responses under different stresses. Based on these analyses, it was found that TaLHC86 was an excellent candidate gene for stress resistance. The full-length ORF of TaLHC86 was 792 bp and was localized on the chloroplasts. The salt tolerance of wheat was reduced when BSMV-VIGS silenced TaLHC86, and the photosynthetic rate and electron transport were also seriously affected. This study made a comprehensive analysis of the TaLHC family and found that TaLHC86 was a good gene for salt tolerance.