Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Department of Environment Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Environ Pollut. 2023 Aug 15;331(Pt 1):121854. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121854. Epub 2023 May 24.
Formaldehyde is one of the most widely used substances in a variety of industries, although it was classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The present systematic review was conducted to retrieve studies related to occupational exposure to formaldehyde until November 2, 2022. Aims of the study were to identify workplaces exposed to formaldehyde, to investigate the formaldehyde concentrations in various occupations and to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks caused by respiratory exposure to this chemical among workers. A systematic search was done in Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases to find the studies done in this field. In this review, studies that did not meet the criteria specified by Population, Exposure, Comparator, and Outcomes (PECO) approach were excluded. In addition, the inclusion of studies dealing with the biological monitoring of FA in the body and review studies, conference articles, books, and letters to the editors were avoided. The quality of the selected studies was also evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist for analytic-cross-sectional studies. Finally, 828 studies were found, and after the investigations, 35 articles were included in this study. The results revealed that the highest formaldehyde concentrations were observed in waterpipe cafes (1,620,000 μg/m) and anatomy and pathology laboratories (4237.5 μg/m). Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk indicated the potential health effects for employees due to respiratory exposure as acceptable levels of CR = 1.00 × 10 and HQ = 1, respectively were reported to be exceeded in more than 71% and 28.57% of the investigated studies. Therefore, according to the confirmation of formaldehyde's adverse health effects, it is necessary to adopt targeted strategies to reduce or eliminate exposure to this compound from the occupational usage.
甲醛是多种行业中广泛使用的物质之一，尽管国际癌症研究机构（IARC）已将其归类为人类致癌物。本系统评价检索了截至 2022 年 11 月 2 日与职业性甲醛暴露相关的研究。研究目的是确定暴露于甲醛的工作场所，调查各种职业中的甲醛浓度，并评估工人呼吸暴露于该化学物质的致癌和非致癌风险。在 Scopus、PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了系统搜索，以查找该领域的研究。在本综述中，排除了不符合人群、暴露、对照和结局（PECO）方法规定标准的研究。此外，还避免了纳入研究涉及 FA 在体内的生物监测和综述研究、会议文章、书籍和给编辑的信件。还使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所（JBI）分析性横断面研究检查表评估了所选研究的质量。最后，发现了 828 项研究，经过调查，有 35 篇文章纳入了这项研究。结果表明，水烟咖啡馆（1620000μg/m）和解剖和病理学实验室（4237.5μg/m）的甲醛浓度最高。致癌和非致癌风险表明由于呼吸暴露而对员工产生潜在健康影响，因为超过 71%和 28.57%的研究报告超过了可接受的 CR=1.00×10 和 HQ=1 水平。因此，根据确认甲醛对健康的不良影响，有必要采取有针对性的策略，从职业用途中减少或消除接触这种化合物。
