Thapa Pratik, Jiang Hong, Ding Na, Hao Yanning, Alshahrani Aziza, Wei Qiou
Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 1095 Veterans Dr, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2023 Apr 28;12(5):666. doi: 10.3390/biology12050666.
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are antioxidant enzymes with ubiquitous expression in human tissues. Prxs are expressed in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryota, often in multiple isoforms. Because of their abundant expression in different cellular organelles and extraordinary sensitivity to HO, Prxs are among the first defenses against oxidative stress. Prxs undergo reversible oxidation to disulfides, and some family members perform chaperone or phospholipase functions upon further oxidation. Prxs are upregulated in cancer cells. Research has suggested that Prxs can function as tumor promoters in various cancers. The major objective of this review is to summarize novel findings regarding the roles of Prxs in common cancer types. Prxs have been shown to influence differentiation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, remodeling of extracellular matrix, and regulation of stemness. Since aggressive cancer cells have higher intracellular levels of ROS that they can utilize to proliferate and metastasize compared to normal cells, it is critical that we understand the regulation and functions of primary antioxidants such as Prxs. These small but mighty proteins could prove to be key for improving cancer therapeutics and patient survival.
过氧化物酶（Prxs）是一类抗氧化酶，在人体组织中广泛表达。Prxs在古细菌、细菌和真核生物中均有表达，且通常有多种同工型。由于它们在不同细胞器中大量表达，并且对过氧化氢具有非凡的敏感性，Prxs是对抗氧化应激的首批防御机制之一。Prxs会经历可逆氧化形成二硫键，一些家族成员在进一步氧化后会发挥伴侣或磷脂酶功能。Prxs在癌细胞中上调。研究表明，Prxs在多种癌症中可作为肿瘤促进因子发挥作用。本综述的主要目的是总结关于Prxs在常见癌症类型中作用的新发现。已证明Prxs会影响炎症细胞和成纤维细胞的分化、细胞外基质的重塑以及干性的调节。由于与正常细胞相比，侵袭性癌细胞具有更高水平的细胞内活性氧，可利用其进行增殖和转移，因此了解诸如Prxs等主要抗氧化剂的调节和功能至关重要。这些小而强大的蛋白质可能被证明是改善癌症治疗和患者生存率的关键。
