Ježek Petr
Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, No. 75, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Aug 31;12(9):1696. doi: 10.3390/antiox12091696.
Redox signaling from mitochondria (mt) to the cytosol and plasma membrane (PM) has been scarcely reported, such as in the case of hypoxic cell adaptation or (2-oxo-) 2-keto-isocaproate (KIC) β-like-oxidation stimulating insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. Mutual redox state influence between mitochondrial major compartments, the matrix and the intracristal space, and the cytosol is therefore derived theoretically in this article to predict possible conditions, when mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may occur, as well as conditions in which the cytosolic redox signaling is not overwhelmed by the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity. Possible peroxiredoxin 3 participation in mt-to-cytosol redox signaling is discussed, as well as another specific case, whereby mitochondrial superoxide release is diminished, whereas the matrix MnSOD is activated. As a result, the enhanced conversion to HO allows HO diffusion into the cytosol, where it could be a predominant component of the HO release. In both of these ways, mt-to-cytosol and mt-to-PM signals may be realized. Finally, the use of redox-sensitive probes is discussed, which disturb redox equilibria, and hence add a surplus redox-buffering to the compartment, where they are localized. Specifically, when attempts to quantify net HO fluxes are to be made, this should be taken into account.
线粒体（mt）向细胞质和质膜（PM）的氧化还原信号传导鲜有报道，比如在缺氧细胞适应的情况下，或者（2-氧代-）2-酮异己酸（KIC）β-氧化刺激胰腺β细胞分泌胰岛素的情况。因此，本文从理论上推导了线粒体主要区室（基质和嵴内空间）与细胞质之间相互的氧化还原状态影响，以预测可能出现线粒体到细胞质以及线粒体到质膜信号的条件，以及细胞质氧化还原信号不会被线粒体抗氧化能力淹没的条件。文中讨论了过氧化物还原酶3可能参与线粒体到细胞质的氧化还原信号传导，以及另一种特殊情况，即线粒体超氧化物释放减少，而基质锰超氧化物歧化酶被激活。结果，向过氧化氢的转化增强，使得过氧化氢扩散到细胞质中，在那里它可能是过氧化氢释放的主要成分。通过这两种方式，线粒体到细胞质以及线粒体到质膜的信号可能得以实现。最后，讨论了氧化还原敏感探针的使用，这些探针会干扰氧化还原平衡，从而在其所在的区室中增加额外的氧化还原缓冲。具体而言，当试图量化净过氧化氢通量时，应该考虑到这一点。
