Herskind Christinna, Petersen Heidi Huus, Pertoldi Cino, Østergaard Stine Karstenskov, Kołodziej-Sobocińska Marta, Sobociński Wojciech, Tokarska Małgorzata, Hammer Jensen Trine
Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
Centre for Diagnostic, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Biology (Basel). 2023 May 4;12(5):680. doi: 10.3390/biology12050680.
For the purpose of nature management and species conservation, European bison () are being increasingly reintroduced into nature reserves across Europe. The aim of this study was to investigate European bison's adaptability to new areas through the study of their parasite-EPG (eggs per gram feces) and dietary diversity during twelve months after translocation. We compared the parasite-EPG from introduced European bison in Lille Vildmose, Denmark, with the parasite-EPG from populations from Bornholm, Denmark, and Białowieża Forest, Poland. From March 2021 to February 2022, fecal samples were collected from three populations. Samples from Lille Vildmose were examined through flotation, sedimentation, the Baermann technique, and nanopore sequencing. Fecal samples from Bornholm and Białowieża were examined through flotation and sedimentation. Nanopore sequencing of DNA from 63 European bison's fecal samples collected during March-September in Lille Vildmose identified 8 species of nematodes within the digestive tract of the European bison, with being the most frequently observed. In Lille Vildmose, a significantly higher excretion of nematode-EPG was observed during the summer period than in the spring, autumn, and winter. In addition, monthly differences in the excretion of nematode eggs were found, with this being significantly higher in June than in the months during autumn and winter (October-February). Significant differences in the nematode-EPG were only found between the excretion of nematode eggs in Białowieża Forest when compared to that of Lille Vildmose, with significantly higher excretion in Lille Vildmose (October-November). The results indicate that the development rates for nematodes may be affected by changes in temperature, with increasing temperatures speeding up their development time. Independent of this study design, wildlife vets together with the gamekeepers managing the herd found it necessary to treat the herd with antiparasitics for practical and animal welfare reasons in relation to translocation. Furthermore, 79 plant taxa were identified in the diet of the European bison. The broadest diet was observed in March suggesting that the European bison quickly adapted to their new habitat. The results suggest a seasonal shift in their diet, with this being most apparent from March to April.
为了进行自然管理和物种保护，欧洲野牛（）正越来越多地被重新引入欧洲各地的自然保护区。本研究的目的是通过研究欧洲野牛在迁移后十二个月内的寄生虫每克粪便虫卵数（EPG）和饮食多样性，来调查它们对新区域的适应性。我们将丹麦利勒维尔德莫斯引入的欧洲野牛的寄生虫EPG与丹麦博恩霍尔姆岛和波兰比亚沃维耶扎森林种群的寄生虫EPG进行了比较。2021年3月至2022年2月，从三个种群中采集了粪便样本。利勒维尔德莫斯的样本通过浮选、沉淀、贝尔曼技术和纳米孔测序进行检测。博恩霍尔姆岛和比亚沃维耶扎的粪便样本通过浮选和沉淀进行检测。对2021年3月至9月在利勒维尔德莫斯采集的63份欧洲野牛粪便样本的DNA进行纳米孔测序，在欧洲野牛的消化道内鉴定出8种线虫，其中最为常见。在利勒维尔德莫斯，夏季线虫EPG的排泄量明显高于春季、秋季和冬季。此外，还发现线虫卵排泄量存在月度差异，6月份明显高于秋冬月份（10月至2月）。与利勒维尔德莫斯相比，仅在比亚沃维耶扎森林线虫卵的排泄量之间发现了线虫EPG的显著差异，利勒维尔德莫斯的排泄量明显更高（10月至11月）。结果表明，线虫的发育速度可能受温度变化的影响，温度升高会加快其发育时间。独立于本研究设计之外，野生动物兽医和管理牛群的猎场看守人出于与迁移相关的实际和动物福利原因，认为有必要用抗寄生虫药物治疗牛群。此外，在欧洲野牛的饮食中鉴定出了79种植物分类群。3月份观察到的饮食最为丰富，这表明欧洲野牛很快适应了它们的新栖息地。结果表明它们的饮食存在季节性变化，从3月到4月最为明显。
