Newton Ashley, Majumder Kaustav
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
256 Food Innovation Center, Nebraska Innovation Campus, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, USA.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 May 18;12(5):1114. doi: 10.3390/antiox12051114.
Plant-based proteins, in particular pulse proteins, have grown in popularity worldwide. Germination, or sprouting, is an effective method to release peptides and other dietary compounds. However, the combination of germination and gastrointestinal digestion in enhancing the release of dietary compounds with potential health-beneficial biological activity has yet to be entirely elucidated. The present study illustrates the impact of germination and gastrointestinal digestion on the release of dietary compounds with antioxidant activity from chickpeas ( L.). Germination up to 3 days (D0 to D3) increased the peptide content by denaturing chickpea storage proteins and increased the degree of hydrolysis (DH) in the gastric phase. The antioxidant activity was measured at three different dosages (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and compared between D0 and D3 on human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). A significant increase in antioxidant activity was observed in the D3 germinated samples in all three tested dosages. Further analysis identified 10 peptides and 7 phytochemicals differentially expressed between the D0 and D3 germinated samples. Among the differentially expressed compounds, 3 phytochemicals (2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone, isoliquiritigenin 4-methyl ether, and 3-methoxy-4,2',5'-trihydroxychalcone) and 1 peptide (His-Ala-Lys) were identified only in the D3 samples, indicating their potential contribution towards the observed antioxidant activity.
植物性蛋白质，特别是豆类蛋白，在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。发芽，即萌动，是释放肽和其他膳食化合物的有效方法。然而，发芽与胃肠道消化相结合在增强具有潜在健康有益生物活性的膳食化合物释放方面的作用尚未完全阐明。本研究阐述了发芽和胃肠道消化对鹰嘴豆中具有抗氧化活性的膳食化合物释放的影响。长达3天（从D0到D3）的发芽通过使鹰嘴豆储存蛋白变性增加了肽含量，并增加了胃阶段的水解度（DH）。在三种不同剂量（10、50和100μg/mL）下测量抗氧化活性，并在人结肠腺癌细胞（HT-29）上比较D0和D3之间的情况。在所有三种测试剂量下，D3发芽样品中的抗氧化活性均显著增加。进一步分析确定了D0和D3发芽样品之间差异表达的10种肽和7种植物化学物质。在差异表达的化合物中，仅在D3样品中鉴定出3种植物化学物质（2'，4'-二羟基-3，4-二甲氧基查耳酮、异甘草素4-甲醚和3-甲氧基-4，2'，5'-三羟基查耳酮）和1种肽（His-Ala-Lys），表明它们对观察到的抗氧化活性有潜在贡献。
