Nolan Nadine, Hayward Matthew W, Klop-Toker Kaya, Mahony Michael, Lemckert Frank, Callen Alex
Conservation Science Research Group, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Eco Logical Australia Pty Ltd., Perth, WA 6000, Australia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 May 14;13(10):1634. doi: 10.3390/ani13101634.
The unprecedented rate of global amphibian decline is attributed to The Anthropocene, with human actions triggering the Sixth Mass Extinction Event. Amphibians have suffered some of the most extreme declines, and their lack of response to conservation actions may reflect challenges faced by taxa that exhibit biphasic life histories. There is an urgent need to ensure that conservation measures are cost-effective and yield positive outcomes. Many conservation actions have failed to meet their intended goals of bolstering populations to ensure the persistence of species into the future. We suggest that past conservation efforts have not considered how different threats influence multiple life stages of amphibians, potentially leading to suboptimal outcomes for their conservation. Our review highlights the multitude of threats amphibians face at each life stage and the conservation actions used to mitigate these threats. We also draw attention to the paucity of studies that have employed multiple actions across more than one life stage. Conservation programs for biphasic amphibians, and the research that guides them, lack a multi-pronged approach to deal with multiple threats across the lifecycle. Conservation management programs must recognise the changing threat landscape for biphasic amphibians to reduce their notoriety as the most threatened vertebrate taxa globally.
全球两栖动物数量前所未有的下降速度归因于人类世，人类活动引发了第六次物种大灭绝事件。两栖动物遭受了一些最为极端的数量下降，而它们对保护行动缺乏反应可能反映了具有双相生活史的生物类群所面临的挑战。迫切需要确保保护措施具有成本效益并产生积极成果。许多保护行动未能实现其增强种群数量以确保物种未来存续的预期目标。我们认为，过去的保护努力没有考虑到不同威胁如何影响两栖动物的多个生命阶段，这可能导致其保护效果不尽人意。我们的综述强调了两栖动物在每个生命阶段所面临的众多威胁以及用于减轻这些威胁的保护行动。我们还提请注意，在多个生命阶段采用多种行动的研究非常匮乏。针对双相两栖动物的保护计划以及指导这些计划的研究，缺乏一种多管齐下的方法来应对整个生命周期中的多种威胁。保护管理计划必须认识到双相两栖动物不断变化的威胁格局，以减少它们作为全球受威胁最严重的脊椎动物类群的恶名。
