Knob Deise Aline, Scholz Armin Manfred, Perazzoli Laiz, Mendes Bruna Paula Bergamaschi, Kappes Roberto, Alessio Dileta Regina Moro, Rech Ângela Fonseca, Thaler Neto André
Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias (CAV), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Lages 88520-000, Brazil.
Organic Farming with Focus on Sustainable Soil Use, Justus Liebig Universität-Giessen (JLU), 35394 Giessen, Germany.
Animals (Basel). 2023 May 17;13(10):1668. doi: 10.3390/ani13101668.
This study aimed to compare the feed efficiency (FE) and physiological parameters of Holstein and crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows in a confinement system during winter and summer. The study was conducted in a dairy farm in southern Brazil by including a total of 48 multiparous cows. The cows were studied for 21 days in two periods, summer and winter, and their daily dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield (MY), rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR), body weight, and body condition score were recorded. An analysis of variance was conducted using the SAS statistical package. The results showed that crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows have a similar FE as Holstein cows in a high-production system (1.83 × 1.81 kg DMI/kg MY, respectively), and they can achieve the same production levels as purebred Holstein cows (43.8 vs. 44.5 milk/cow/day). Our findings indicated a difference for the period as both genetic groups achieved higher FE in winter than in summer (1.98 vs. 1.67 DMI/kg MY, respectively). In addition, we found evidence that crossbred cows are better at dissipating body heat during heat-stress situations, as they have higher RR in summer compared to purebred cows, while Holstein cows have higher RT in summer afternoons than crossbred cows. Therefore, using crossbred Holstein × Simmental cows is an alternative for high-production systems.
本研究旨在比较冬季和夏季圈养系统中荷斯坦奶牛与荷斯坦×西门塔尔杂交奶牛的饲料效率（FE）和生理参数。该研究在巴西南部的一个奶牛场进行，共纳入48头经产奶牛。奶牛在夏季和冬季两个时期各研究21天，记录其每日干物质摄入量（DMI）、产奶量（MY）、直肠温度（RT）、呼吸频率（RR）、体重和体况评分。使用SAS统计软件包进行方差分析。结果表明，在高产系统中，荷斯坦×西门塔尔杂交奶牛的饲料效率与荷斯坦奶牛相似（分别为1.83×1.81千克DMI/千克MY），并且它们能够达到与纯种荷斯坦奶牛相同的生产水平（分别为43.8对44.5升/头/天）。我们的研究结果表明，两个遗传群体在冬季的饲料效率均高于夏季（分别为1.98对1.67 DMI/千克MY），存在时期差异。此外，我们发现有证据表明，杂交奶牛在热应激情况下散热能力更强，因为它们在夏季的呼吸频率高于纯种奶牛，而荷斯坦奶牛在夏季下午的直肠温度高于杂交奶牛。因此，使用荷斯坦×西门塔尔杂交奶牛是高产系统的一种选择。
