Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, New Agriculture Building, Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6EU, UK.
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 9;12(1):7550. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-10834-4.
Previous work has demonstrated some benefit from alternative breeds in low-input dairying, although there has been no systematic analysis of the simultaneous effect of Jersey crossbreeding on productivity, health, fertility parameters or milk nutritional quality. This work aimed to understand the effects of, and interactions/interrelations between, dairy cow genotypes (Holstein-Friesian (HF), Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbreds (HF × J)) and season (spring, summer, autumn) on milk yield; basic composition; feed efficiency, health, and fertility parameters; and milk fatty acid (FA) profiles. Milk samples (n = 219) and breed/diet data were collected from 74 cows in four UK low-input dairy farms between March and October 2012. HF × J cows produced milk with more fat (+ 3.2 g/kg milk), protein (+ 2.9 g/kg milk) and casein (+ 2.7 g/kg milk); and showed higher feed, fat, and protein efficiency (expressed as milk, fat and protein outputs per kg DMI) than HF cows. Milk from HF × J cows contained more C4:0 (+ 2.6 g/kg FA), C6:0 (+ 1.9 g/kg FA), C8:0 (+ 1.3 g/kg FA), C10:0 (+ 3.0 g/kg FA), C12:0 (+ 3.7 g/kg FA), C14:0 (+ 4.6 g/kg FA) and saturated FA (SFA; + 27.3 g/kg milk) and less monounsaturated FA (MUFA; -23.7 g/kg milk) and polyunsaturated FA (- 22.3 g/kg milk). There was no significant difference for most health and fertility parameters, but HF × J cows had shorter calving interval (by 39 days). The superior feed, fat and protein efficiency of HF × J cows, as well as shorter calving interval can be considered beneficial for the financial sustainability of low-input dairy farms; and using such alternative breeds in crossbreeding schemes may be recommended. Although statistically significant, it is difficult to determine if differences observed between HF and HF × J cows in fat composition are likely to impact human health, considering average population dairy fat intakes and the relatively small difference. Thus, the HF × J cow could be used in low-input dairying to improve efficiency and productivity without impacting milk nutritional properties.
先前的研究表明，在低投入的奶牛养殖业中，替代品种具有一定的优势，尽管目前还没有系统分析泽西牛杂交对生产力、健康、生育参数或牛奶营养质量的综合影响。本研究旨在探讨奶牛基因型（荷斯坦奶牛、荷斯坦奶牛与泽西牛杂交种）和季节（春季、夏季、秋季）对产奶量、基本成分、饲料效率、健康和生育参数以及牛奶脂肪酸（FA）谱的影响及其相互作用/关系。2012 年 3 月至 10 月期间，在英国的 4 个低投入奶牛场，从 74 头奶牛中收集了 219 份牛奶样本和品种/饮食数据。与荷斯坦奶牛相比，荷斯坦奶牛与泽西牛杂交种生产的牛奶脂肪（+3.2g/kg 牛奶）、蛋白质（+2.9g/kg 牛奶）和酪蛋白（+2.7g/kg 牛奶）含量更高，饲料、脂肪和蛋白质效率（分别表示为每公斤干物质采食量的牛奶、脂肪和蛋白质产量）也更高。荷斯坦奶牛与泽西牛杂交种产的牛奶含有更多的 C4:0（+2.6g/kg FA）、C6:0（+1.9g/kg FA）、C8:0（+1.3g/kg FA）、C10:0（+3.0g/kg FA）、C12:0（+3.7g/kg FA）、C14:0（+4.6g/kg FA）和饱和脂肪酸（SFA；+27.3g/kg 牛奶），以及更少的单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA；-23.7g/kg 牛奶）和多不饱和脂肪酸（-22.3g/kg 牛奶）。大多数健康和生育参数没有显著差异，但荷斯坦奶牛与泽西牛杂交种的产犊间隔较短（缩短 39 天）。荷斯坦奶牛与泽西牛杂交种具有较高的饲料、脂肪和蛋白质效率，以及较短的产犊间隔，这可能有利于低投入奶牛场的财务可持续性，并且建议在杂交方案中使用此类替代品种。尽管具有统计学意义，但考虑到人群的平均牛奶脂肪摄入量以及相对较小的差异，很难确定荷斯坦奶牛与泽西牛杂交种的脂肪组成差异是否会对人类健康产生影响。因此，在低投入奶牛养殖业中可以使用荷斯坦奶牛与泽西牛杂交种来提高效率和生产力，而不会影响牛奶的营养特性。
