Su Zeliang, Ma Yongcai, Chen Fang, An Wenqiang, Zhang Guanrong, Xu Chao, Xie Dizhi, Wang Shuqi, Li Yuanyou
University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on MBCE, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 May 21;13(10):1704. doi: 10.3390/ani13101704.
In the context of human food shortages, the incorporation of non-grain feedstuff in fish feed deserves more research attention. Here, the feasibility and appropriate ratio of non-grain compound protein (NGCP, containing bovine bone meal, dephenolized cottonseed protein, and blood cell meal) for dietary fishmeal (FM) replacement were explored in golden pompano (). Four isonitrogenous (45%) and isolipidic (12%) diets (Control, 25NGP, 50NGP, and 75NGP) were prepared. Control contained 24% FM, whereas the FM content of 25NGP, 50NGP, and 75NGP was 18%, 12%, and 6%, respectively, representing a 25%, 50%, and 75% replacement of FM in Control by NGCP. Juvenile golden pompano (initial weight: 9.71 ± 0.04 g) were fed the four diets for 65 days in sea cages. There was no significant difference between the 25NGP and Control groups in terms of weight gain, weight gain rate, and specific growth rate; contents of crude protein, crude lipid, moisture, and ash in muscle and whole fish; muscle textural properties including hardness, chewiness, gumminess, tenderness, springiness, and cohesiveness; and serum biochemical indexes including total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. However, the golden pompano in 50NGP and 75NGP experienced nutritional stress, and thus some indicators were negatively affected. In addition, compared to the Control group, the expression levels of genes related to protein metabolism (, , and ) and lipid metabolism (, , , and ) of the 25NGP group showed no significant difference, but the and of the 75NGP group were significantly upregulated and downregulated, respectively ( < 0.05), which may explain the decline in fish growth performance and muscle quality after 75% FM was replaced by NGCP. The results suggest that at least 25% FM of Control can be replaced by NGCP, achieving a dietary FM content of as low as 18%; however, the replacement of more than 50% of the dietary FM negatively affects the growth and muscle quality of golden pompano.
在人类粮食短缺的背景下，鱼饲料中纳入非谷物饲料值得更多的研究关注。在此，研究了用非谷物复合蛋白（NGCP，包含牛骨粉、脱酚棉籽蛋白和血细胞粉）替代黄鳍鲷日粮中鱼粉（FM）的可行性及适宜比例。制备了四种等氮（45%）和等脂（12%）的日粮（对照组、25NGP、50NGP和75NGP）。对照组含有24%的鱼粉，而25NGP、50NGP和75NGP的鱼粉含量分别为18%、12%和6%，即NGCP分别替代了对照组中25%、50%和75%的鱼粉。将初始体重为9.71±0.04克的黄鳍鲷幼鱼在海水网箱中投喂这四种日粮65天。25NGP组和对照组在体重增加、增重率和特定生长率；肌肉和全鱼中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分和灰分含量；肌肉质地特性，包括硬度、咀嚼性、黏性、嫩度、弹性和内聚性；以及血清生化指标，包括总蛋白、白蛋白、血尿素氮、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇和甘油三酯方面均无显著差异。然而，50NGP和75NGP组的黄鳍鲷经历了营养应激，因此一些指标受到负面影响。此外，与对照组相比，25NGP组中与蛋白质代谢（、和）和脂质代谢（、、、和）相关基因的表达水平无显著差异，但75NGP组的和分别显著上调和下调（<0.05），这可能解释了75%的鱼粉被NGCP替代后鱼类生长性能和肌肉品质下降的原因。结果表明，对照组中至少25%的鱼粉可用NGCP替代，使日粮中鱼粉含量低至18%；然而，日粮中超过50%的鱼粉被替代会对黄鳍鲷的生长和肌肉品质产生负面影响。
