Qin Yawen, He Chaoqun, Geng Haoyu, Wang Wenqiang, Yang Peng, Mai Kangsen, Song Fei
Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
Metabolites. 2022 Jun 22;12(7):576. doi: 10.3390/metabo12070576.
Our previous study demonstrated that based on growth performance and feed utilization, cottonseed meal (CSM) could substitute 20% fishmeal (FM) without adverse effect on golden pompano (). Muscle deposition was also an important indicator to evaluate the efficiency of alternative protein sources. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the changes of physiobiochemical and nutrient metabolism in muscle after FM replaced by CSM. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets (42.5% crude protein, 14.0% crude lipid) were formulated to replace 0% (CSM0 diet), 20% (CSM20 diet), 40% (CSM40 diet), and 60% (CSM60 diet) of FM with CSM. Juvenile fish (24.8 ± 0.02 g) were fed each diet for 6 weeks. The results presented, which, compared with the CSM0 diet, CSM20 and CSM40 diets, had no effect on changing the muscle proximate composition and free essential amino acid (EAA) concentration. For glycolipid metabolism, the CSM20 diet did not change the mRNA expression of hexokinase (hk), glucose transport protein 4 (glut4), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (glp-1r), while over 20% replacement impaired glucose metabolism. However, CSM20 and CSM40 diets had no effect on altering lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, compared with the CSM0 diet, the CSM20 diet did not change muscle nutritive metabolism through keeping the activities of the nutrient sensing signaling pathways stable. Higher replacement would break this balance and lead to muscle nutritive metabolism disorders. Based on the results, CSM could substitute 20-40% FM without affecting the muscle nutritive deposition. All data supplemented the powerful support for our previous conclusion that CSM could successfully replace 20% FM based on growth performance.
我们之前的研究表明，基于生长性能和饲料利用率，棉籽粕（CSM）可以替代20%的鱼粉（FM），而不会对黄金鲳产生不利影响。肌肉沉积也是评估替代蛋白质来源效率的一个重要指标。因此，本研究旨在探讨用CSM替代FM后肌肉中生理生化和营养代谢的变化。配制了四种等氮等脂的实验饲料（粗蛋白42.5%，粗脂肪14.0%），用CSM分别替代0%（CSM0饲料）、20%（CSM20饲料）、40%（CSM40饲料）和60%（CSM60饲料）的FM。将幼鱼（24.8±0.02克）投喂每种饲料6周。结果表明，与CSM0饲料相比，CSM20和CSM40饲料对肌肉的近似成分和游离必需氨基酸（EAA）浓度没有影响。对于糖脂代谢，CSM20饲料没有改变己糖激酶（hk）、葡萄糖转运蛋白4（glut4）、胰高血糖素样肽1受体（glp-1r）的mRNA表达，而超过20%的替代则损害了葡萄糖代谢。然而，CSM20和CSM40饲料对脂质代谢没有影响。从机制上讲，与CSM0饲料相比，CSM20饲料通过保持营养感应信号通路的活性稳定，没有改变肌肉营养代谢。更高比例的替代会打破这种平衡，导致肌肉营养代谢紊乱。基于这些结果，CSM可以替代20-40%的FM而不影响肌肉营养沉积。所有数据为我们之前基于生长性能得出的CSM可以成功替代20%FM的结论提供了有力支持。
