Voronina Oksana A, Zaitsev Sergei Yu, Savina Anastasia A, Rykov Roman A, Kolesnik Nikita S
Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry Named after Academy Member L.K. Ernst, Dubrovitsy 60, Podolsk Municipal District, Moscow 142132, Russia.
Animals (Basel). 2023 May 21;13(10):1706. doi: 10.3390/ani13101706.
Goats are ubiquitous, including in hot and dry regions, while also being very sensitive to climate fluctuations, expressed in temperature differences. This affects their productivity and milk quality. Adaptation to heat requires high energy costs, affects "neurohumoral" regulation and is accompanied by oxidative stress with the increased production of free radicals. The aim was to study the main biochemical parameters of goat milk and its antioxidant activity depending on the season of the year. Sampling was carried out in April, June, August and October. Analysis of the biochemical components and antioxidant activity of goat milk was performed using modern analytical systems. From spring to autumn, the mass fraction of true or crude proteins in goat milk increased by 14.6-63.7% or by 12.3-52.1%, and the mass fraction of caseins also increased by 13.6-60.6%. For vitamin C level and the total amount of water-soluble antioxidants, a pronounced gradual decrease from spring to autumn was observed. In the summer period, a small increase in the carotene level in milk (by 3.0-6.1% compared to April) was established. Vitamin A content increased by 86.5% (June) or by 70.3% (October) compared to April. Thus, the numerous significant changes in the major parameters of goat's milk depending on the season were revealed.
山羊分布广泛，包括炎热干燥地区，同时它们对气候波动非常敏感，这种波动体现在温度差异上。这会影响它们的生产力和牛奶品质。适应高温需要高昂的能量成本，会影响“神经体液”调节，并伴随着自由基产生增加导致的氧化应激。目的是研究山羊奶的主要生化参数及其抗氧化活性随一年中季节的变化情况。采样在4月、6月、8月和10月进行。使用现代分析系统对山羊奶的生化成分和抗氧化活性进行了分析。从春季到秋季，山羊奶中真蛋白或粗蛋白的质量分数增加了14.6 - 63.7%或12.3 - 52.1%，酪蛋白的质量分数也增加了13.6 - 60.6%。对于维生素C水平和水溶性抗氧化剂总量，从春季到秋季观察到明显的逐渐下降。在夏季，牛奶中的胡萝卜素水平有小幅增加（与4月相比增加了3.0 - 6.1%）。与4月相比，维生素A含量在6月增加了86.5%，在10月增加了70.3%。因此，揭示了山羊奶主要参数随季节的众多显著变化。
