Martins Alexander C, Albericio Fernando, de la Torre Beatriz G
School of Health Sciences, UAM, Universidade Anhembi-Morumbi, São Paulo 03101-001, Brazil.
School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa.
Biomedicines. 2023 May 12;11(5):1434. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11051434.
The year 2022 witnessed the control of the COVID-19 pandemic in most countries through social and hygiene measures and also vaccination campaigns. It also saw a decrease in total approvals by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nevertheless, there was no fall in the Biologics class, which was boosted through the authorization of 15 novel molecules, thus maintaining the figures achieved in previous years. Indeed, the decrease in approvals was only for the category of small molecules. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) continued to be the drug class with the most approvals, and cancer remained the most targeted disease, followed by autoimmune conditions, as in previous years. Interestingly, the FDA gave the green light to a remarkable number of bispecific Biologics (four), the highest number in recent years. Indeed, 2022 was another year without the approval of an antimicrobial Biologic, although important advancements were made in targeting new diseases, which are discussed herein. In this work, we only analyze the Biologics authorized in 2022. Furthermore, we also consider the orphan drugs authorized. We not only apply a quantitative analysis to this year's harvest, but also compare the efficacy of the Biologics with those authorized in previous years. On the basis of their chemical structure, the Biologics addressed fall into the following classes: monoclonal antibodies; antibody-drug conjugates; and proteins/enzymes.
2022年见证了大多数国家通过社会和卫生措施以及疫苗接种运动控制了新冠疫情。这一年美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的总批准数也有所下降。然而,生物制品类别并未减少,通过15种新型分子的授权,其数量有所增加,从而保持了前几年的水平。实际上,批准数的下降仅体现在小分子类别上。与前几年一样,单克隆抗体(mAb)仍然是获批数量最多的药物类别,癌症仍然是最主要的靶向疾病,其次是自身免疫性疾病。有趣的是,FDA批准了数量可观的双特异性生物制品(四种),这是近年来的最高数量。确实,2022年又是没有抗菌生物制品获批的一年,尽管在针对新疾病方面取得了重要进展,本文将对此进行讨论。在这项工作中,我们仅分析2022年获批的生物制品。此外,我们还考虑了获批的孤儿药。我们不仅对今年的成果进行定量分析,还将这些生物制品的疗效与前几年获批的生物制品进行比较。基于其化学结构,所涉及的生物制品可分为以下几类:单克隆抗体;抗体药物偶联物;以及蛋白质/酶。