Mormile Ilaria, Mosella Francesca, Turco Piergiorgio, Napolitano Filomena, de Paulis Amato, Rossi Francesca Wanda
Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Apr 25;11(5):898. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11050898.
Calcinosis represents a severe complication of several autoimmune disorders. Soft-tissue calcifications have been classified into five major types: dystrophic, metastatic, idiopathic, iatrogenic, and calciphylaxis. Autoimmune diseases are usually associated with dystrophic calcifications, including calcinosis cutis, occurring in damaged or devitalized tissues in the presence of normal serum levels of calcium and phosphate. In particular, calcinosis cutis has been described in dermatomyositis, polymyositis, juvenile dermatomyositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome, overlap syndrome, mixed connective tissue disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Calciphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening syndrome presenting with vascular calcifications and thrombosis, has also been associated with some autoimmune conditions. Due to the potentially disabling character of calcinosis cutis and calciphylaxis, physicians' awareness about the clinical presentation and management of these diseases should be increased to select the most appropriate treatment option and avoid long-term complications. In this review, we aim to analyze the clinical features of calcinosis cutis and calciphylaxis associated with autoimmune diseases, and the main treatment strategies evaluated up to now for treating this potentially disabling disease.
钙质沉着症是几种自身免疫性疾病的严重并发症。软组织钙化已被分为五大类：营养不良性、转移性、特发性、医源性和钙过敏。自身免疫性疾病通常与营养不良性钙化有关，包括皮肤钙质沉着症，发生在血清钙和磷水平正常的受损或失活组织中。特别是，皮肤钙质沉着症已在皮肌炎、多发性肌炎、青少年皮肌炎、系统性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、原发性干燥综合征、重叠综合征、混合性结缔组织病和类风湿性关节炎中被描述。钙过敏是一种伴有血管钙化和血栓形成的严重且危及生命的综合征，也与一些自身免疫性疾病有关。由于皮肤钙质沉着症和钙过敏可能导致残疾的特性，应提高医生对这些疾病临床表现和管理的认识，以选择最合适的治疗方案并避免长期并发症。在本综述中，我们旨在分析与自身免疫性疾病相关的皮肤钙质沉着症和钙过敏的临床特征，以及迄今为止评估的治疗这种潜在致残性疾病的主要治疗策略。
