School of Artificial Intelligence, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300384, China.
School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
Phys Life Rev. 2023 Sep;46:8-45. doi: 10.1016/j.plrev.2023.05.002. Epub 2023 May 10.
Reputation and reciprocity are key mechanisms for cooperation in human societies, often going hand in hand to favor prosocial behavior over selfish actions. Here we review recent researches at the interface of physics and evolutionary game theory that explored these two mechanisms. We focus on image scoring as the bearer of reputation, as well as on various types of reciprocity, including direct, indirect, and network reciprocity. We review different definitions of reputation and reciprocity dynamics, and we show how these affect the evolution of cooperation in social dilemmas. We consider first-order, second-order, as well as higher-order models in well-mixed and structured populations, and we review experimental works that support and inform the results of mathematical modeling and simulations. We also provide a synthesis of the reviewed researches along with an outlook in terms of six directions that seem particularly promising to explore in the future.
声誉和互惠是人类社会合作的关键机制，它们通常相辅相成，促进亲社会行为而不是自私行为。在这里，我们回顾了物理学和进化博弈论交叉领域的最新研究，探讨了这两个机制。我们专注于将形象评分作为声誉的载体，以及各种类型的互惠，包括直接互惠、间接互惠和网络互惠。我们回顾了声誉和互惠动力学的不同定义，并展示了它们如何影响社会困境中的合作进化。我们考虑了均匀混合和结构化群体中的一阶、二阶和更高阶模型，并回顾了支持和为数学建模和模拟结果提供信息的实验工作。我们还对综述研究进行了综合，并从六个似乎特别有前途的方向展望了未来的研究。
