Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2023 Nov;64(11):1545-1554. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13843. Epub 2023 May 29.
Adolescence, a developmental period characterized by significant changes in sleep, is associated with normative increases in impulsivity. While short sleep duration has been linked to elevated impulsivity, the neural mechanism underlying the relationship between short sleep duration and elevated impulsivity remains poorly understood.
We analyzed a dataset of 7,884 drug-naive 9-10 year-olds from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Among them, 5,166 have two-year follow-up neuroimaging data. Linear mixed-effects models, mediation analyses, and longitudinal mediation analyses were used to investigate the relationship between parent-reported sleep duration, impulsivity, and functional and structural connectivity between the cortex and the striatum.
We found that less sleep duration is significantly associated with higher positive and negative urgency, which are two affect-related components of impulsivity. In addition, we observed a link between short sleep duration and reduced corticostriatal connectivity. Neural pathways associated with short sleep duration-functional connectivity between the cingulo-opercular network and the left caudate, and between the cingulo-parietal network and the right pallidum-mediated the association between sleep duration and positive urgency both at baseline and two-year follow-up. Longitudinal mediation analyses further revealed that short sleep duration and elevated positive urgency exacerbated each other through these two corticostriatal connectivities.
These findings highlight the key role of corticostriatal connectivities in the reciprocal relationship between short sleep duration and elevated impulsivity. Given the increasing prevalence of short sleep duration in adolescents, the link between sleep duration, impulsivity, and corticostriatal connectivities has important implications for timely interventions to address impulsive problems in early adolescents.
青春期是一个睡眠发生显著变化的发展阶段，与冲动性的正常增加有关。虽然睡眠时间短与冲动性升高有关，但睡眠时间短与冲动性升高之间的关系的神经机制仍知之甚少。
我们分析了来自青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究的 7884 名无吸毒史的 9-10 岁儿童的数据集。其中，5166 人有两年的神经影像学随访数据。使用线性混合效应模型、中介分析和纵向中介分析来研究父母报告的睡眠时间、冲动性以及大脑皮层和纹状体之间的功能和结构连接之间的关系。
我们发现睡眠时间越短与正性和负性冲动性越高显著相关，而正性和负性冲动性是冲动性的两个与情感相关的成分。此外，我们还观察到睡眠时间短与皮质纹状体连接减少之间存在关联。与睡眠时间短相关的神经通路——扣带前扣带回网络与左侧尾状核之间的功能连接，以及扣带顶叶网络与右侧苍白球之间的功能连接——介导了睡眠时间与正性冲动性之间的关联，这种关联在基线和两年随访时都存在。纵向中介分析进一步表明，睡眠时间短和正性冲动性升高通过这两种皮质纹状体连接相互加剧。
这些发现强调了皮质纹状体连接在睡眠时间短和冲动性升高之间的相互关系中的关键作用。鉴于青少年中睡眠时间短的流行率不断增加，睡眠时间、冲动性和皮质纹状体连接之间的联系对及时干预早期青少年的冲动问题具有重要意义。
