Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
J Athl Train. 2024 Jan 1;59(1):66-72. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-0428.22.
Deficits in perceptual-motor function, like visuomotor reaction time (VMRT), are risk factors for primary and secondary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Noncontact ACL injuries have been associated with slower reaction time, but whether this association exists for patients with contact ACL injuries is unknown. Exploring differences in VMRT among individuals with contact versus noncontact ACL injuries may provide a more comprehensive understanding of modifiable risk factors.
To compare lower extremity VMRT (LEVMRT) in individuals with contact or noncontact ACL injuries after ACL reconstruction (ACLR).
Cross-sectional study.
Research laboratory.
A total of 36 participants with primary, unilateral ACLR completed an LEVMRT assessment (contact ACL injury = 20 [56%], noncontact ACL injury = 16 [44%]).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The LEVMRT was assessed bilaterally and collected using a series of wireless light discs deactivated by individuals with their feet. The ACLR-active LEVMRT (ie, ACLR limb is deactivating lights) and ACLR-stable LEVMRT were compared using separate analyses of covariance to determine the association with contact or noncontact injury using time since surgery as a covariate.
After controlling for time since surgery, a difference and large effect size between groups was found for the ACLR-stable LEVMRT (P = .010; η2 = 0.250) but not for the ACLR-active (P = .340; η2 = 0.065) condition. The contact group exhibited slower ACLR-stable LEVMRT (521.7 ± 59.3 milliseconds) than the noncontact group (483.4 ± 83.9 milliseconds).
Individuals with contact ACL injury demonstrated a slower LEVMRT while their ACLR limb was stabilizing. The group differences during the ACLR-stable LEVMRT task might indicate deficits in perceptual-motor function when the surgical limb maintains postural control during a reaction time task. After ACLR, individuals with contact injuries may need additional motor learning interventions to enhance perceptual-motor functioning.
运动知觉功能障碍，如视运动反应时（VMRT），是前交叉韧带（ACL）初次和复发性损伤的危险因素。非接触性 ACL 损伤与较慢的反应时间有关，但接触性 ACL 损伤患者是否存在这种关联尚不清楚。探索接触性和非接触性 ACL 损伤患者之间 VMRT 的差异，可能有助于更全面地了解可改变的危险因素。
比较 ACL 重建（ACLR）后接触性和非接触性 ACL 损伤患者的下肢 VMRT（LEVMRT）。
横断面研究。
研究实验室。
共有 36 名单侧 ACLR 的患者（接触性 ACL 损伤 20 例[56%]，非接触性 ACL 损伤 16 例[44%]）完成了 LEVMRT 评估。
双侧使用一系列无线光盘进行 LEVMRT 评估，个体用脚使光盘失效。使用协方差分析分别比较 ACLR 稳定期 LEVMRT 和 ACLR 活跃期 LEVMRT，以手术时间为协变量，确定与接触性或非接触性损伤的关联。
控制手术时间后，发现 ACLR 稳定期 LEVMRT 存在组间差异和较大的效应量（P =.010；η2 = 0.250），但 ACLR 活跃期 LEVMRT 无组间差异（P =.340；η2 = 0.065）。接触性损伤组的 ACLR 稳定期 LEVMRT（521.7 ± 59.3 毫秒）慢于非接触性损伤组（483.4 ± 83.9 毫秒）。
接触性 ACL 损伤患者在 ACLR 肢体稳定时，LEVMRT 较慢。ACL 稳定期 LEVMRT 任务中的组间差异可能表明，在反应时间任务中，手术肢体维持姿势控制时，存在运动知觉功能障碍。ACL 重建后，接触性损伤患者可能需要额外的运动学习干预，以增强运动知觉功能。
